Table 2.
Associations of Maternal Characteristics and Vitamin D concentration <50 nmol/L among pregnant women, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, n=1019.
| All Participants | Time 1 (Median 9.6 weeks’) | Time 2 (Median 26.0 weeks’) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Row % <50 nmol/L | Row % <50 nmol/L | |||
| 34.4 % | 29.1% | |||
| Characteristics | Chi Square P value | Chi Square P value | ||
| Maternal Age | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||
| < 25 | 61.3% | 47.6% | ||
| 25 – <30 | 33.8% | 29.4% | ||
| >= 30 | 24.7% | 21.0% | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Black | 74.6% | 58.2% | ||
| Hispanic | 52.2% | 39.9% | ||
| White | 18.9% | 17.8% | ||
| Other | 51.3% | 44.4% | ||
| Prepregnancy BMI Category | <0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Normal weight (< 25kg/m2) | 25.7% | 23.2% | ||
| Overweight 25–<30(kg/m2) | 37.3% | 30.6% | ||
| Obese >= 30 (kg/m2) | 55.5% | 44.0% | ||
| Smoking status | 0.11 | 0.79 | ||
| Yes | 30.4% | 28.5% | ||
| No | 35.8% | 29.4% | ||
| Maternal Education | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Higher education >12 years | 29.7% | 26.1% | ||
| <= 12 years | 62.6% | 46.9% | ||
| Season (at time of first blood sample) | < 0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Winter | 40.8% | 40.6% | ||
| Spring | 40.8% | 32.7% | ||
| Summer | 22.2% | 15.2% | ||
| Fall | 30.6% | 29.4% | ||
| Prenatal Vitamin Use | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 26.6% | 25.4% | ||
| No | 57.8% | 40.2% | ||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index