Amino acid analysis of three purified bovine nuchal ligament elastin samples (samples 1–3, described in the text), unpurified elastin and their relative desmosine concentration. The amino acid measurements are reported as “residues per 1000 residues (res/1000)” for ease of comparison with other published results37. The theoretical values, shown in column 6, correspond to the amino acids computed from cDNA of bovine tropoelastin43. The relative desmosine concentration represents the ratio of desmosine to d4-desmosine, normalized by the unpurified sample (starting product). Note that the concentration of lysine in the theoretical value (column 6) is higher than that in samples 1–3 and the unpurified sample, as cross-links consist of lysine.