Figure 4.

(A) Anterior-posterior view of a 3D image of Subject B in the supine position with fiducial points used in plastic surgery. (B) Left oblique view of a 3D image of Subject B in the supine position with fiducial points used in plastic surgery. The white lines indicate the geodesic distances between fiducials. Orange: sternal notch (SN), Red: midclavicle (MC), Green: transition point (TP), White: nipple (N), Black: midline point (MP), Yellow: inframammary fold point at the meridian (IMFp), and Light blue: lateral point (LP). The other marks on the image were used in a companion study³² to examine the variation of skin deformation at different regions of the breast. (C) Computation of breast volume. Landmark points for right (1, 2R, 3R, 4R) and left (1, 2L, 3L, 4L) used to delineate the region encompassing the breast mound. The blue regions show the surface area selected for breast volume determination in the front, right lateral, and left lateral views. (D) Different views of the region of the right breast extracted for volume determination are shown with the corresponding Coons patch. The Coons patch (green mesh) is a curved surface that parallels the surface curvature of the chest wall to establish the base of the breast mound. The computed volume comprises the volume of the space enclosed between the Coons patch and the surface of the breast mound (solid green silhouette). The yellow arrows on two of the views indicate the region between the surface of the breast and the underlying Coons patch that constitutes the volume. Note that the volume includes the region of the breast mound that projects above the underlying Coons patch, gradually increasing from the transition point (see cyan arrows), and then tapers off to zero at the area below the inframammary fold where the coons patch and the chest wall are flush against each other (see white arrows).