Figure 1.

Population genomic analyses reveal selective, neutral, and demographic processes affecting loci across the genome. Population genetic summary statistics, such as π_A/π_S, can be calculated as continuous variables along the length of the genome. Evolutionary processes such as (I) regions under purifying selection, (II) neutrally evolving regions, (III) regions experiencing positive selection, and (IV) horizontal gene transfer events leave distinct signatures on these summary statistics. The topology of phylogenies, including branch lengths and evolutionary relationships, inferred from different loci along the genome also reflect the particular evolutionary or demographic processes governing the allelic variation along the genome.