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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2014 Oct 21;43(3):543–554. doi: 10.1007/s10439-014-1161-y

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The traditional scaffold-based tissue engineering paradigm consists of cells, signals, and scaffolds. A new, scaffold-free paradigm consists of just cells and signals.