Non-degraded Ub-protein conjugates are involved in AMPK-dependent autophagy/mitophagy. Panel (A). HEK 293 cells were dose-dependently treated with MG132 for 4 hours. Western blots of LC3B-I, LC3B-II, p62 β-actin is shown. (B). HEK293 cells were first incubated with PYR41 (0 or 50 µM) followed by exposure to MG132 (0 or 10 µM) for 4 hours. Western blots and quantitative data show the extent of LC3B-I, LC3B-II and β-actin. Mean ± SEM, n = 3, * P < 0.05 or ** P < 0.01. (C). MEFs, wild type (AMPKα1/2+/+) or AMPK deficient fibroblasts (AMPKα1/2−/−), were time dependently treated with MG132 (10 µM) followed by Western Blot analysis of LC3B-I, LC3B-II and β-actin. Chloroquine was applied for 30 minutes, as indicated. (D).Western blot analysis quantitative data show the extent of pSer555-Ulk1, AMPKα and β-actin in MG132-treated MEF AMPKα1/2+/+ or AMPKα1/2−/−. Mean ± SEM, n = 3, * P < 0.05 or *** P < 0.001.