Table 3.

Comparison between groups of participants with extreme low and high eating occasions by ratio of evening/morning energy intake, United States and United Kingdom INTERMAP participants, n=520 ^a

Variables	< 4 eating occasions/24 h and > 1.8 ratio of evening/morning energy intake		≥ 6 eating occasions/24 h and ≤ 1.8 ratio of evening/morning energy intake
	Adjusted mean	95% CI b	Adjusted mean	95% CI	P for T-test
n	317		203
Men (%)	68		41
Body mass index (kg/m2) c	29.2	28.5-29.9	27.3	26.6-28.1	0.01
Dietary energy density (kcal/g)	2.2	2.1-2.3	1.5	1.4-1.6	0.003
Nutrient Rich Food index 9.3 c	27.5	25.9-29.1	34.8	32.9-36.7	<0.0001
Total energy intake (kcal/24 h)	2,548	2,467-2,627	2,189	2,120-2,256	<0.0001
Food energy (kcal/24 h)	2,125	2,079-2,140	1,804	1,780-1,830	<0.0001
Beverage energy (kcal/24 h)	423	390.4-455.8	385	347-422	0.22
Alcohol (g/24 h) c	12.0	9.9-14.1	6.4	3.9-8.9	<0.001
Food weight (g/24 h)	950	916-984	1,220	1,172-1,269	<0.0001
Beverage weight (g/24 h) d	2513	2384-2641	2,348	2,219-2,476	0.03
Food groups (g/1000 kcal)
Whole fat dairy	27.8	22.9-32.6	23.6	17.9-29.3	0.31
Low/fat free dairy	62.6	52.4-72.9	108.9	96.9-121.0	<0.0001
Red meat	32.8	30.1-35.5	22.9	19.6-26.1	<0.0001
Fish	6.7	5.6-7.8	6.6	5.0-8.1	0.32
Raw vegetables	26.7	23.5-30.0	25.1	21.3-28.9	0.41
Cooked vegetables	40.6	37.4-43.6	55.8	50.7-59.1	0.05
Fruit	32.5	25.6-39.4	81.8	73.7-89.9	<0.0001
Cakes and pies	5.6	4.2-7.0	6.1	4.4-7.7	0.62

^aAdjusted for gender, age, educational level, hours engaged in moderate and heavy physical activity, smoking, on a special diet, dietary supplement use and population sample.

^b95% CI indicates 95% confidence interval.

^cAdditionally adjusted for total energy intake (kcal/24 h).

^dDrinking water excluded.

A Bonferroni threshold of P <0.003 denoted statistical significance.