Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics among 1434 PWID in Vietnam, 2005-2007
| Entire Cohort (n=1434) |
No HIV or HCV (n=157) |
HCV Monoa (n=773) |
Odds Ratioc (95% CI) |
HIV/HCV Cob (n=499) |
Odds Ratiod (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||||
| Median (interquartile range) | 31(27-36) | 30(23-36) | 32(28-37) | 1.06(1.03-1.09) | 30(27-34) | 1.02(0.99-1.05) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 59(4.11) | 28(17.83) | 14(1.81) | Reference | 16(3.21) | Reference |
| Male | 1375(95.89) | 129(82.17) | 759(98.19) | 11.77(6.03-2.95) | 483(96.79) | 6.55(3.44-12.48) |
| In a stable relationship | ||||||
| No | 972(67.78) | 83(52.87) | 519(67.14) | Reference | 367(73.55) | Reference |
| Yes | 462(32.22) | 74(47.13) | 254(32.86) | 0.55(0.39-0.78) | 132(26.45) | 0.40(0.28-0.58) |
| High school completed | ||||||
| No | 762(53.14) | 83(52.87) | 393(50.84) | Reference | 283(56.71) | Reference |
| Yes | 672(46.86) | 74(47.13) | 380(49.16) | 1.08(0.77-1.53) | 216(43.29) | 0.86(0.60-1.23) |
| Employment status | ||||||
| No | 420(29.49) | 34(22.52) | 226(29.35) | Reference | 157(31.53) | Reference |
| Yes | 1004(70.51) | 117(77.48) | 544(70.65) | 0.70(0.46-1.06) | 341(68.47) | 0.63(0.41-0.97) |
| Ever had a tattoo | ||||||
| No | 691(48.19) | 112(71.34) | 375(48.51) | Reference | 202(40.48) | Reference |
| Yes | 743(51.81) | 45(28.66) | 398(51.49) | 2.64(1.82-3.84) | 297(59.52) | 3.66(2.48-5.40) |
| Injecting >= 2 years | ||||||
| No | 69(4.93) | 25(18.94) | 36(4.69) | Reference | 8(1.61) | Reference |
| Yes | 1330(95.07) | 107(81.06) | 731(95.31) | 4.74(2.74-8.22) | 488(98.39) | 14.25(6.26-32.46) |
| Injected drugs at least 2-3 days per week |
||||||
| No | 67(4.79) | 15(11.54) | 37(4.81) | Reference | 15(3.02) | Reference |
| Yes | 1333(95.21) | 115(88.46) | 733(95.19) | 2.58(1.37-4.86) | 481(96.98) | 4.18(1.99-8.80) |
| Ever had been in drug treatment | ||||||
| No | 923(65.69) | 111(83.46) | 467(60.57) | Reference | 342(68.81) | Reference |
| Yes | 482(34.31) | 22(16.54) | 304(39.43) | 3.28(2.03-5.30) | 155(31.19) | 2.29(1.39-3.75) |
| Sexual partners in lifetime | ||||||
| <=1 | 267(18.62) | 38(24.20) | 133(17.21) | Reference | 95(19.04) | Reference |
| 2-5 | 632(44.07) | 53(33.76) | 347(44.89) | 1.87(1.18-2.97) | 228(45.69) | 1.72(1.06-2.78) |
| >=5 | 464(32.36) | 53(33.76) | 254(32.86) | 1.37(0.86-2.18) | 157(31.46) | 1.18(0.73-1.93) |
| Unknown | 71(4.95) | 13(8.28) | 39(5.05) | 0.86(0.42-1.77) | 19(3.81) | 0.58(0.26-1.30) |
| Lifetime Injection Behaviors | ||||||
| Ever shared a needle | ||||||
| No | 1004(71.61) | 99(75.00) | 579(75.19) | Reference | 323(65.12) | Reference |
| Yes | 398(28.39) | 33(25.00) | 191(24.81) | 0.99(0.65-1.52) | 173(34.88) | 1.61(1.04-2.48) |
| Ever reused a syringe and a needle |
||||||
| No | 232(16.55) | 54(40.91) | 114(14.81) | Reference | 63(12.70) | Reference |
| Yes | 1170(83.45) | 78(59.09) | 656(85.19) | 3.98(2.67-5.94) | 433(87.30) | 4.76(3.07-7.36) |
| Ever shared diazepam | ||||||
| No | 1232(87.87) | 126(95.45) | 692(89.87) | Reference | 411(82.86) | Reference |
| Yes | 170(12.13) | 6(4.55) | 78(10.13) | 2.37(1.01-5.55) | 85(17.14) | 4.34(1.85-10.18) |
| Ever shared novocaine | ||||||
| No | 762(54.35) | 97(73.48) | 417(54.16) | Reference | 248(50.00) | Reference |
| Yes | 640(45.65) | 35(26.52) | 353(45.84) | 2.34(1.55-3.54) | 248(50.00) | 2.77(1.81-4.24) |
| Ever shared diazepam or novocaine |
||||||
| No | 717(51.14) | 94(71.21) | 400(51.95) | Reference | 223(44.96) | Reference |
| Yes | 685(48.86) | 38(28.79) | 370(48.05) | 2.29(1.53-3.42) | 273(55.04) | 3.03(2.00-4.59) |
a
HCV monoinfection;
b
HIV/HCV coinfection;
c
comparing HCV monoinfection with no HIV or HCV infection;
d
comparing HIV/HCV coinfection with no HIV or HCV infection .