Table 1A.

Human trials: serotonergic drugs combined with CBT.

Disorder	Study design	Outcome (compared to placebo control group)	Reference
Healthy volunteers	14 days po escitalopram pretreatment; fear conditioning paradigm	Accelerated extinction learning (skin conductance responses)	(Bui et al., 2013)
Panic disorder with/without agoraphobia	Fluvoxamine or placebo followed by exposure therapy; psychological panic management followed by exposure therapy or exposure therapy alone	Self-reported measures All treatments effective, however fluvoxamine plus CBT superior to all other treatments	(de Beurs et al., 1995)
Panic disorder with/without agoraphobia	12 weeks paroxetine or placebo plus CBT	Reduced number of panic attacks in paroxetine/CBT group	(Oehrberg et al., 1995)
Panic disorder with/without agoraphobia	10 weeks of paroxetine or placebo plus CBT in week 5 and 7	No significant difference in primary CGI outcome. Secondary outcome: Higher proportion of panic-free patients in paroxetine-CBT group.	(Stein et al., 2000)
Panic disorder with/without agoraphobia	12 weeks fluvoxamine or placebo with or without CBT	All groups except placebo without CBT improved. No difference within other groups.	(Sharp et al., 1997)
Panic disorder with/without agoraphobia	12 weeks of sertraline or placebo treatment plus self-administered CBT or no CBT	Reduced anticipatory anxiety in sertraline plus self-administered CBT No significant improvements in CGI.	(Koszycki et al., 2011)
Social anxiety disorder	24 weeks of sertraline/placebo with or without exposure therapy (8 sessions in the first 12 weeks of treatment)	All groups improved (also placebo without CBT) Sertraline treatment (without CBT) showed higher improvement than CBT groups (placebo or sertraline). Placebo without CBT showed lowest benefits.	(Blomhoff et al., 2001)
Social anxiety disorder	Follow-up study of (Blomhoff et al., 2001) Assessment of long-term effects 28 weeks after cessation of medical treatment	Exposure therapy alone (without placebo or sertraline) showed a further improvement in CAPS 28 weeks after treatment cessation, however only reached improvement levels comparable with those of the sertraline alone group after the initial 24 weeks	(Haug et al., 2003)
		CAPS score in the other groups (Exposure + placebo or sertraline and placebo alone) stayed constant (no improvement compared to 24 week CAPS score)
Social anxiety disorder	14 weeks of fluoxetine or placebo plus weekly CBT or no CBT CBT consisted of group treatment combining in vivo exposure, cognitive restructuring and social skills training	All treatments were superior to placebo (without CBT) but no differences between groups themselves	(Davidson et al., 2004)
PTSD	10 exposure therapy sessions (1×/week) plus paroxetine CR Optional 12 weeks of maintenance treatment	Greater CAPS improvement in paroxetine group vs placebo after 10 weeks Higher rate of remission (61.5% vs 23.1% in placebo group) after 10 weeks No changes after additional 12 weeks. CAVE drop-out of remitters.	(Schneier et al., 2012)

CR…controlled release.