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Simulation of the ball-racket system with time-dependent manipulation. A: If the ball impacts the racket during the accelerating portion of the racket's upward motion, the system is unstable. B, C: When the racket impacts the ball during the decelerating portion of the racket's upward motion, the system is unstable if the racket phase is less than .05ω; otherwise, the perturbed ball-racket system is dynamically stable.
