Table 2.
Nutrients Compared Between Plant-based and American Heart Association Diets
| CHILDREN | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal) | 1686.32 (650.59) |
1208.02 (288.96) |
−478.30 (496.93) |
1638.16 (484.17) |
1115.90 (462.71) |
−522.26 (289.68) |
1.14 (0.93, 1.38) |
0.19 | |
| Outcome | Plant-Based (N=14) Mean (SD) |
AHA (N=14) Mean (SD) | PB - AHA Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI) at Week 4 |
PB/AHA Adjusted Mean Ratio (95% CI) at Week 4 |
P- value |
||||
| Baseline | During study |
Change | Baseline | During study |
Change | ||||
| Total Fat (g) | 65.72 (30.97) | 26.60 (17.90) | −39.12 (26.57) | 69.66 (20.34) | 33.39 (18.31) | −36.27 (12.93) | 0.82 (0.57, 1.19) | 0.29 | |
| Total Carbohydrate (g) | 217.35 (97.86) | 215.83 (58.11) | −1.52 (74.58) | 198.09 (73.71) | 152.39 (73.06) | −45.70 (46.51) | 53.18 (15.48, 90.88) | 0.008 | |
| Total Protein (g) | 63.61 (17.76) | 39.61 (6.92) | −24.00 (16.98) | 60.06 (20.81) | 56.38 (17.83) | −3.68 (20.89) | −17.69 (−27.70, −7.68) | 0.001 | |
| Animal Protein (g) | 42.32 (13.21) | 2.24 (4.45) | −40.08 (14.35) | 38.61 (17.38) | 38.25 (15.48) | −0.36 (21.99) | −36.19 (−45.28, −27.10) | <0.001 | |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 181.23 (81.81) | 12.93 (30.63) | −168.30 (79.95) | 169.90 (84.68) | 143.70 (105.57) | −26.20 (104.27) | −134.32 (−192.59, −76.05) | <0.001 | |
| Total Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) (g) | 21.97 (8.78) | 5.46 (4.52) | −16.51 (8.51) | 22.41 (11.32) | 10.20 (6.75) | −12.22 (7.32) | 0.49 (0.33, 0.75) | 0.002 | |
| Total Trans-Fatty Acids (TRANS) (g) | 2.11 (1.22) | 0.80 (1.03) | −1.31 (1.63) | 2.69 (1.24) | 1.05 (0.54) | −1.64 (1.28) | 0.51 (0.24, 1.08) | 0.078 | |
| Omega-3 Fatty Acids (g) | 1.33 (1.16) | 0.62 (0.51) | −0.71 (1.17) | 1.57 (0.83) | 0.87 (0.41) | −0.70 (0.81) | −0.22 (−0.58, 0.13) | 0.21 | |
| Total Dietary Fiber (g) | 13.68 (4.27) | 29.01 (7.91) | 15.32 (6.30) | 12.92 (5.15) | 13.58 (7.65) | 0.66 (3.71) | 2.22 (1.79, 2.75) | <0.001 | |
| Vitamin D (calciferol) (mcg) | 4.08 (1.88) | 1.47 (1.44) | −2.61 (1.65) | 3.78 (4.21) | 2.45 (1.66) | −1.33 (4.38) | 0.53 (0.31, 0.92) | 0.026 | |
| Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) (mcg) | 4.75 (3.47) | 2.03 (2.55) | −2.72 (3.33) | 3.08 (1.69) | 2.96 (1.40) | −0.12 (1.74) | 0.45 (0.25, 0.82) | 0.011 | |
| Calcium (mg) | 806.89 (327.11) | 395.80 (84.63) | −411.09 (297.61) | 611.89 (315.44) | 493.82 (249.68) | −118.07 (309.23) | 0.78 (0.60, 1.02) | 0.069 | |
| Iron (mg) | 16.32 (10.20) | 15.39 (6.58) | −0.92 (11.38) | 11.72 (4.88) | 10.33 (5.13) | −1.39 (3.97) | 4.12 (−0.57, 8.82) | 0.082 | |
| Sodium (mg) | 2841.92 (962.40) | 1697.75 (401.15) | −1144.17 (1160.52) | 2842.88 (886.84) | 1699.27 (897.71) | −1143.61 (473.64) | −1.20 (−499.33, 496.93) | 0.99 | |
| % Calories from Fat | 33.48 (6.80) | 18.04 (8.56) | −15.44 (8.24) | 36.99 (6.67) | 25.38 (6.12) | −11.61 (8.50) | −6.15 (−11.98, −0.32) | 0.039 | |
| % Calories from SFA | 11.78 (4.15) | 3.59 (2.17) | −8.19 (4.39) | 11.36 (2.47) | 7.59 (2.38) | −3.77 (1.80) | 0.43 (0.31, 0.59) | <0.001 | |
| PARENTS | |||||||||
| Energy (kcal) | 1964.39 (950.71) | 1235.70 (335.76) | −728.70 (839.79) | 1660.18 (422.06) | 1142.41 (368.92) | −517.77 (460.19) | 1.07 (0.86, 1.32) | 0.54 | |
| Total Fat (g) | 84.93 (50.55) | 25.84 (14.22) | −59.09 (50.54) | 70.90 (26.34) | 33.93 (20.18) | −36.96 (29.81) | 0.75 (0.49, 1.13) | 0.16 | |
| Total Carbohydrate (g) | 218.33 (101.44) | 222.89 (67.31) | 4.56 (81.29) | 190.82 (47.77) | 158.45 (54.82) | −32.38 (48.99) | 52.30 (11.62, 92.97) | 0.014 | |
| Total Protein (g) | 83.12 (36.04) | 41.33 (11.46) | −41.79 (34.43) | 69.31 (18.91) | 57.32 (13.69) | −11.99 (19.44) | −17.71 (−27.61, −7.80) | 0.001 | |
| Animal Protein (g) | 54.22 (26.26) | 1.30 (2.27) | −52.93 (25.89) | 46.43 (16.55) | 35.40 (13.93) | −11.03 (12.93) | −35.41 (−42.90, −27.93) | <0.001 | |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 241.61 (161.29) | 7.93 (14.13) | −233.69 (155.19) | 212.75 (89.96) | 119.64 (67.33) | −93.11 (117.02) | −112.16 (−151.00, −73.33) | <0.001 | |
| Total Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) (g) | 28.14 (17.45) | 5.03 (4.21) | −23.11 (16.49) | 22.60 (9.85) | 10.12 (5.62) | −12.48 (11.48) | 0.45 (0.29, 0.72) | 0.002 | |
| Total Trans-Fatty Acids (TRANS) (g) | 3.15 (2.21) | 0.47 (0.28) | −2.68 (2.24) | 3.07 (2.57) | 1.04 (0.49) | −2.03 (2.62) | 0.35 (0.18, 0.69) | 0.004 | |
| Omega-3 Fatty Acids (g) | 1.62 (0.62) | 0.94 (0.67) | −0.69 (0.96) | 1.63 (0.68) | 0.84 (0.72) | −0.79 (0.69) | 0.10 (−0.44, 0.64) | 0.71 | |
| Total Dietary Fiber (g) | 20.11 (9.59) | 31.99 (8.24) | 11.88 (11.32) | 17.52 (7.53) | 16.42 (6.50) | −1.10 (7.22) | 1.99 (1.55, 2.55) | <0.001 | |
| Vitamin D (calciferol) (mcg) | 2.67 (1.82) | 0.96 (1.39) | −1.72 (2.35) | 3.71 (3.32) | 2.87 (2.64) | −0.84 (3.98) | 0.45 (0.25, 0.80) | 0.008 | |
| Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) (mcg) | 3.97 (2.35) | 1.01 (1.72) | −2.97 (2.54) | 3.37 (1.56) | 3.38 (3.04) | 0.02 (3.35) | 0.32 (0.18, 0.58) | <0.001 | |
| Calcium (mg) | 780.10 (333.35) | 387.65 (170.62) | −392.45 (350.28) | 572.29 (123.52) | 524.45 (245.01) | −47.84 (160.68) | 0.71 (0.49, 1.01) | 0.059 | |
| Iron (mg) | 14.76 (6.30) | 14.94 (13.51) | 0.19 (13.37) | 11.54 (3.01) | 11.19 (4.12) | −0.35 (3.21) | 1.10 (0.77, 1.57) | 0.58 | |
| Sodium (mg) | 3515.11 (1899.46) | 1708.01 (464.17) | −1807.11 (1748.47) | 3235.59 (1109.71) | 1754.93 (787.72) | −1480.66 (1241.75) | −78.00 (−574.67, 418.67) | 0.75 | |
| % Calories from Fat | 35.73 (7.37) | 17.40 (6.81) | −18.33 (7.69) | 36.58 (6.90) | 24.44 (7.32) | −12.14 (8.71) | −6.77 (−12.07, −1.46) | 0.015 | |
| % Calories from SFA | 11.69 (4.22) | 3.31 (1.73) | −8.38 (3.78) | 11.66 (2.91) | 7.30 (2.16) | −4.36 (4.01) | −3.99 (−5.53, −2.45) | <0.001 | |