Table 3.
Clinical Outcomes
| Outcome | Plant-Based (N=14) Mean (SD) |
AHA (N=14) Mean (SD) |
PB - AHA Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI) at Week 4 | PB/AHA Adjusted Mean Ratio (95% CI) at Week 4 | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 4 | Change | Baseline | Week 4 | Change | ||||
| CHILDREN | |||||||||
| BMI percentile | 96.36 (2.63) | 95.24 (2.89) | −1.12 (1.69) | 98.01 (1.81) | 97.93 (1.79) | −0.08 (0.42) | −1.17 (−2.20, −0.14) | 0.028 | |
| BMI Z score | 1.90 (0.38) | 1.77 (0.39) | −0.14 (0.16) | 2.19 (0.38) | 2.17 (0.37) | −0.03 (0.07) | −0.13 (−0.24, −0.03) | 0.017 | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 116.25 (14.10) | 109.82 (9.67) | −6.43 (8.86) | 111.50 (20.16) | 106.36 (9.87) | −5.14 (17.64) | 1.87 (−4.41, 8.15) | 0.55 | |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 68.79 (9.61) | 66.18 (8.75) | −2.61 (10.25) | 69.79 (11.56) | 65.43 (7.43) | −4.36 (14.67) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) | 0.83 | |
| Weight (kg) | 79.62 (23.43) | 76.57 (23.38) | −3.05 (3.27) | 87.71 (19.85) | 86.16 (19.01) | −1.55 (1.83) | −1.71 (−3.80, 0.39) | 0.11 | |
| Waist circ (cm) | 97.11 (12.05) | 95.58 (12.22) | −1.53 (3.01) | 104.89 (11.99) | 101.93 (12.53) | −2.96 (4.04) | 1.32 (−1.66, 4.30) | 0.37 | |
| Midarm circ (cm) | 33.30 (5.02) | 31.29 (4.25) | −2.02 (2.17) | 35.06 (3.64) | 33.91 (3.37) | −1.14 (1.63) | −1.25 (−2.61, 0.11) | 0.070 | |
| PAQ | 2.44 (0.63) | 2.66 (0.83) | 0.22 (0.53) | 2.36 (0.74) | 2.20 (0.63) | −0.16 (0.54) | 0.39 (−0.02, 0.80) | 0.060 | |
| CHOL (mg/dL) | 213.79 (41.97) | 191.29 (70.34) | −22.50 (36.31) | 194.07 (25.69) | 177.57 (25.53) | −16.50 (28.19) | −10.34 (−36.48, 15.80) | 0.42 | |
| TRIG (mg/dL) | 139.93 (139.03) | 114.43 (89.77) | −25.50 (95.26) | 119.29 (63.31) | 106.14 (52.58) | −13.14 (36.19) | 1.01 (0.77, 1.32) | 0.94 | |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 55.43 (19.10) | 49.50 (16.11) | −5.93 (9.37) | 43.36 (6.96) | 40.43 (6.17) | −2.93 (3.71) | 0.17 (−5.07, 5.40) | 0.95 | |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 132.21 (29.04) | 119.07 (54.22) | −13.14 (35.54) | 126.86 (19.06) | 115.86 (18.45) | −11.00 (23.31) | 0.95 (0.80, 1.13) | 0.54 | |
| GLU (mg/dL) | 98.86 (45.38) | 99.79 (48.89) | 0.93 (6.01) | 98.57 (49.50) | 97.93 (46.81) | −0.64 (5.02) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.05) | 0.81 | |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 5.11 (8.33) | 3.03 (4.64) | −2.09 (7.10) | 4.09 (3.76) | 6.87 (8.63) | 2.78 (8.76) | 0.46 (0.21, 1.00) | 0.049 | |
| ALT (U/L) | 18.50 (6.64) | 19.29 (14.14) | 0.79 (14.35) | 25.36 (27.45) | 24.21 (28.33) | −1.14 (3.46) | 1.00 (0.76, 1.32) | 0.98 | |
| AST (U/L) | 18.43 (3.55) | 21.21 (8.40) | 2.79 (8.96) | 22.50 (13.95) | 22.50 (17.77) | 0.00 (4.69) | 1.13 (0.92, 1.40) | 0.23 | |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.72 (1.10) | 1.55 (1.34) | −0.17 (0.89) | 2.33 (2.50) | 2.14 (1.97) | −0.19 (3.14) | 0.26 (0.05, 1.37) | 0.11 | |
| MPO (pmol/L) | 287.54 (147.35) | 212.20 (138.87) | −75.34 (37.34) | 303.79 (89.92) | 234.56 (87.95) | −69.23 (72.92) | 0.95 (0.79, 1.13) | 0.52 | |
| HgbA1c | 5.77 (1.60) | 5.94 (1.63) | 0.17 (0.17) | 6.14 (1.82) | 6.34 (1.82) | 0.21 (0.12) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.51 | |
| Insulin (uU/ml) | 17.33 (14.12) | 11.91 (9.40) | −5.42 (5.68) | 23.19 (12.57) | 26.36 (26.25) | 3.16 (25.62) | 0.70 (0.43, 1.12) | 0.13 | |
| PARENTS | |||||||||
| BMI | 33.26 (7.69) | 31.98 (7.57) | −1.29 (1.14) | 37.08 (12.66) | 36.35 (12.20) | −0.73 (0.92) | −0.69 (−1.47, 0.09) | 0.082 | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 125.18 (16.98) | 117.21 (17.18) | −7.96 (12.28) | 121.64 (15.07) | 118.50 (11.90) | −3.14 (14.42) | 0.97 (0.89, 1.05) | 0.39 | |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 78.25 (12.06) | 74.79 (8.75) | −3.46 (11.06) | 79.29 (10.34) | 72.64 (8.58) | −6.64 (12.19) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) | 0.46 | |
| Weight (kg) | 93.33 (27.18) | 89.70 (26.28) | −3.64 (3.41) | 100.79 (32.16) | 98.77 (30.73) | −2.01 (2.66) | −1.95 (−4.16, 0.26) | 0.081 | |
| Waist circ (cm) | 104.41 (15.05) | 102.47 (18.20) | −1.94 (5.80) | 112.11 (24.55) | 111.62 (25.13) | −0.49 (5.73) | −1.14 (−5.75, 3.48) | 0.62 | |
| Midarm circ (cm) | 35.52 (6.61) | 34.20 (6.19) | −1.32 (2.06) | 35.89 (7.67) | 36.24 (8.61) | 0.35 (3.16) | −1.68 (−3.80, 0.44) | 0.11 | |
| CHOL (mg/dL) | 210.43 (51.63) | 176.64 (40.80) | −33.79 (30.84) | 214.43 (45.28) | 207.29 (55.66) | −7.14 (24.93) | −27.29 (−48.68, −5.90) | 0.014 | |
| TRIG (mg/dL) | 130.07 (80.18) | 136.29 (89.70) | 6.21 (41.71) | 117.21 (53.57) | 134.07 (75.74) | 16.86 (36.86) | 0.95 (0.76, 1.19) | 0.67 | |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 56.14 (17.24) | 48.00 (15.60) | −8.14 (5.40) | 59.57 (13.47) | 54.64 (15.70) | −4.93 (5.61) | 0.94 (0.87, 1.02) | 0.16 | |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 128.36 (42.00) | 101.36 (36.06) | −27.00 (26.72) | 131.36 (43.67) | 125.86 (50.02) | −5.50 (20.89) | −21.92 (−40.37, −3.46) | 0.022 | |
| GLU (mg/dL) | 101.50 (31.28) | 106.43 (53.88) | 4.93 (24.65) | 100.64 (22.69) | 95.21 (14.36) | −5.43 (12.40) | 1.06 (0.97, 1.16) | 0.20 | |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 3.60 (4.16) | 3.36 (3.52) | −0.24 (1.36) | 5.23 (6.20) | 5.44 (5.15) | 0.21 (1.90) | 0.68 (0.44, 1.07) | 0.091 | |
| ALT (U/L) | 21.14 (8.73) | 22.00 (13.69) | 0.86 (7.01) | 20.64 (7.43) | 25.21 (13.73) | 4.57 (9.69) | 0.85 (0.67, 1.08) | 0.17 | |
| AST (U/L) | 18.93 (4.41) | 19.07 (5.59) | 0.14 (5.70) | 18.14 (5.04) | 22.57 (7.71) | 4.43 (6.73) | 0.83 (0.68, 1.03) | 0.084 | |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 7.86 (21.09) | 8.02 (20.83) | 0.16 (0.90) | 2.13 (1.53) | 1.94 (1.06) | −0.19 (0.85) | 1.14 (0.83, 1.57) | 0.40 | |
| MPO (pmol/L) | 297.59 (145.78) | 314.50 (236.87) | 16.91 (110.66) | 256.14 (70.52) | 257.91 (87.62) | 1.78 (45.93) | 0.93 (0.80, 1.10) | 0.39 | |
| HgbA1c | 5.89 (0.97) | 5.73 (0.88) | −0.16 (0.16) | 5.81 (0.51) | 5.94 (0.79) | 0.14 (0.49) | 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) | 0.031 | |
| Insulin (uU/ml) | 13.46 (8.25) | 10.34 (6.67) | −3.11 (8.56) | 16.33 (12.33) | 13.18 (7.96) | −3.15 (5.47) | 0.87 (0.67, 1.13) | 0.27 | |