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Tat-induced changes in microglia morphology and function. When microglia (A) become exposed to the HIV-1 Tat protein (B), they retract their processes and become more amoeboid in shape (C), release proinflammatory cytokines (E), and can phagocytose neuronal elements (F). D, This Tat-induced microglial activation is decreased by LRRK2 kinase inhibition.
