Table 1.

Microbicide effectiveness trials.

Sponsor	Product	Number of women enrolled	Status	Outcome of trial	Ref.
Agency for International Development, the Mellon Foundation/NIH	N-9 film	1292	Completed	No harm or benefit	[46]
UNAIDS/Columbia Laboratories	N-9 gel (COL-1492 gel)	1005	Completed 2000	Stopped with evidence of harm	[8]
FHI/USAID	Savvy®	4284	Completed 2007	Stopped due to futility, no evidence of harm	[47]
FHI/USAID/CONRAD	Cellulose sulfate	2160	Completed 2007	Stopped prematurely due to concerns from parallel trial interim results	[48]
Population Council	Carraguard®	6300	Completed 2007	No harm or benefit	[49]
CONRAD/USAID/Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation	Cellulose sulfate	1398	Completed 2007	Evidence of harm at interim analysis	[10]
NIAD	Buffer gel 0.5% PRO 2000	3100	Completed 2008	0.5% PRO 2000 showed 30% effectiveness: buffer gel did not have an effect	[11]
MDP/MRC	PRO 2000	10,000	Completed 2009	0.5% PRO 2000: no harm, no benefit	[12]
LIFE Lab/FHI/USAID/ CONRAD/South African government	1% Tenofovir	889	Completed 2009	39% effectiveness in HIV prevention	[30]
NIAD	1% Tenofovir	5000 to be enrolled	Ongoing, enrollment started in September 2009	Aim for completion June 2012	[Unpublished data]

FHI: Family Health International; MDP: Microbicides Development Program; MRC: Medical Research Council UK; N-9: Nanoxynol-9; NIAD: National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases; UNAIDS: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS; USAID: United States Agency for International Aid.