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. 2014 Dec 24;4(1):1–16. doi: 10.3390/biology4010001

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© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Experimental design of the delayed-match-to-sample task with examples of match trials for the conditions “retention” (RET), “semantic manipulation” (SEM) and “backwards manipulation” (BACK). Participants had to either simply retain the letter string in memory (a), re-arrange the letter string according to alphabetical order (b) or re-order the letter string backwards (c) during the retention interval and compare it with a probe letter string. Target presentation was 1000 ms, retention interval 2000 ms and probe presentation 1000 ms.