Table 4.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Native Hawaiians, with and without diabetes
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | No Diabetes1 % or Mean (SD) | Diabetes1 % or Mean (SD) | P-value3 | No Diabetes1 % or Mean (SD) | Diabetes1 % or Mean (SD) | P-value3 |
| N | 263 | 82 | 410 | 107 | ||
| Age (years) | 43 (15) | 50 (14) | 0.0001 | 44.4 (15.8) | 53.1 (13.2) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 31.8 (7.0) | 35.4 (9.0) | 0.0036 | 31.2 (8.6) | 35.7 (8.7) | 0.0002 |
| Waist circumference (inches) | 39.4 (7.8) | 42.8 (7.7) | 0.0012 | 37.0 (7.4) | 40.8 (6.3) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 28.1 | 30.4 | 0.7034 | 26.0 | 23.0 | 0.4112 |
| Hypertensive2 (%) | 41.4 | 59.8 | 0.0037 | 32.4 | 59.8 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128 (19) | 144 (60) | 0.0400 | 125 (21) | 137 (20) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 85 (13) | 86 (10) | 0.2611 | 80 (12) | 83 (12) | 0.0517 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 127 (33) | 151 (72) | 0.0086 | 127 (38) | 155 (68) | 0.0002 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 41 (11) | 37 (10) | 0.0049 | 46 (11) | 42 (9) | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 181 (152) | 283 (219) | 0.0002 | 128 (72) | 223 (164) | <0.0001 |
1
Defined as self-reported or fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL;
2
Defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or self-report of previous diagnosis of hypertension or self-report of taking antihypertensive medication;
3
Chi-square tests of difference in proportion or t-tests of difference in means.