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. 2015 Mar 3;17(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s13058-015-0540-0

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© Dowling et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Changes in phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 levels upon metformin treatment. Allred scores for (A) phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) S473 and (B) phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) T202/Y204 as measured pre- and post-metformin treatment. The overall score (average of nuclear and cytoplasmic scores) for p-Akt is shown. (C) and (D) Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue for p-Akt S473 (C) and p-ERK1/2 T202/Y204 (D). Representative images are shown for each phospho-protein pre- and post-metformin treatment. Corresponding Allred scores were as follows: p-Akt S473 pre-metformin = 7, post-metformin = 3; p-ERK1/2 T202/Y204 pre-metformin = 8, post-metformin = 0. Scale bar represents 30 μm.