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. 2015 Feb 25;17(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s13058-015-0537-8

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© Li et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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αv integrin and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling interaction in breast cancer progression. (A) MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured with or without TGF-β for the indicated times, and RNA was isolated for αv integrin expression analysis by qRT-PCR. (B) Left, transwell assay. Control and knockdown MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with or without 5 ng/ml TGF-β for 16 h and migrated cells were stained. Right, average cell numbers of migrated cells ± SD. (C) Immunoblot analysis of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 (p-Smad2 and 3) and total Smad2 and 3 in control or αv integrin knockdown MDA-MB-231 cells. Cells were treated with or without 5 ng/ml TGF-β for 2 h. (D) Knockdown of αv integrin in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibits expression of TGF-β target genes upon 6 h TGF-β treatment. mRNA levels of PAI-1, CTGF, and IL-11 were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR, and normalized to GAPDH expression.