Table 2. Differences in Blood-Pressure Control, Cholesterol Testing and Control, and Glycated Hemoglobin Testing and Control between Minority Enrollees and White Enrollees in Medicare HMOs in 2011.*.
| Variable | Minority Enrollees | National Proportions† | Difference Between Minority and White Enrollees | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minority | White | National† | Region‡ | Plan‡ | |||||
| no. | % | percentage points | P value | percentage points | P value | percentage points | P value | ||
| Black vs. white | |||||||||
| Blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg | 14,507 | 59.2±0.4 | 69.5±0.2 | 10.3 | <0.001 | 8.5 | <0.001 | 4.2 | <0.001 |
| Testing of LDL cholesterol level | 11,045 | 89.6±0.3 | 91.8±0.1 | 2.2 | <0.001 | 2.0 | <0.001 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
| LDLcholesterol level <100 mg/dl | 11,045 | 53.9±0.5 | 64.1±0.2 | 10.2 | <0.001 | 8.2 | <0.001 | 6.3 | <0.001 |
| Testing of glycated hemoglobin level | 15,208 | 91.7±0.2 | 93.8±0.1 | 2.1 | <0.001 | 1.7 | <0.001 | 1.4 | 0.005 |
| Glycated hemoglobin level ≤9.0% | 15,208 | 74.6±0.4 | 84.0±0.2 | 9.4 | <0.001 | 8.0 | <0.001 | 5.7 | <0.001 |
| Hispanic vs. white | |||||||||
| Blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg | 13,556 | 68.2±0.4 | 69.8±0.2 | 1.6 | <0.001 | 1.5 | 0.002 | −3.6 | 0.005 |
| Testing of LDL cholesterol level | 13,545 | 94.6±0.2 | 91.9±0.1 | −2.7 | <0.001 | −2.4 | <0.001 | −1.8 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol level <100 mg/dl | 13,545 | 64.5±0.4 | 65.6±0.2 | 1.0 | 0.02 | 0.9 | 0.07 | 0.5 | 0.68 |
| Testing of glycated hemoglobin level | 20,132 | 94.8±0.2 | 93.8±0.1 | −1.0 | <0.001 | −0.8 | <0.001 | −1.4 | 0.01 |
| Glycated hemoglobin level ≤9.0% | 20,132 | 80.6±0.3 | 84.0±0.2 | 3.4 | <0.001 | 3.8 | <0.001 | 1.7 | 0.09 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander vs. white | |||||||||
| Blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg | 5,253 | 74.1±0.7 | 69.7±0.2 | −4.4 | <0.001 | −2.0 | 0.005 | −7.3 | <0.001 |
| Testing of LDL cholesterol level | 5,497 | 94.7±0.3 | 92.1±0.1 | −2.7 | <0.001 | −2.0 | <0.001 | −3.8 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol level <100 mg/dl | 5,497 | 72.3±0.6 | 66.8±0.2 | −5.5 | <0.001 | −2.5 | <0.001 | −4.9 | <0.001 |
| Testing of glycated hemoglobin level | 5,468 | 94.9±0.3 | 93.7±0.1 | −1.1 | 0.002 | −0.5 | 0.20 | −3.0 | 0.001 |
| Glycated hemoglobin level ≤9.0% | 5,468 | 83.7±0.6 | 84.0±0.2 | 0.3 | 0.63 | 2.6 | <0.001 | −1.8 | 0.25 |
*
Plus–minus values are means ±SE. P values of 0.05 or less were considered to indicate statistical significance. LDL denotes low-density lipoprotein.
†
Proportions were directly standardized to the estimated distribution of prevalence according to age and sex for each minority group; in the comparisons, the proportions of white enrollees were standardized to the distribution of enrollees in the respective minority group.
‡
The proportions of white enrollees were additionally weighted to match distributions of minority comparison groups across geographic regions and health plans.