Table 2. Differences in Blood-Pressure Control, Cholesterol Testing and Control, and Glycated Hemoglobin Testing and Control between Minority Enrollees and White Enrollees in Medicare HMOs in 2011.*.
Variable | Minority Enrollees | National Proportions† | Difference Between Minority and White Enrollees | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minority | White | National† | Region‡ | Plan‡ | |||||
no. | % | percentage points | P value | percentage points | P value | percentage points | P value | ||
Black vs. white | |||||||||
Blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg | 14,507 | 59.2±0.4 | 69.5±0.2 | 10.3 | <0.001 | 8.5 | <0.001 | 4.2 | <0.001 |
Testing of LDL cholesterol level | 11,045 | 89.6±0.3 | 91.8±0.1 | 2.2 | <0.001 | 2.0 | <0.001 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
LDLcholesterol level <100 mg/dl | 11,045 | 53.9±0.5 | 64.1±0.2 | 10.2 | <0.001 | 8.2 | <0.001 | 6.3 | <0.001 |
Testing of glycated hemoglobin level | 15,208 | 91.7±0.2 | 93.8±0.1 | 2.1 | <0.001 | 1.7 | <0.001 | 1.4 | 0.005 |
Glycated hemoglobin level ≤9.0% | 15,208 | 74.6±0.4 | 84.0±0.2 | 9.4 | <0.001 | 8.0 | <0.001 | 5.7 | <0.001 |
Hispanic vs. white | |||||||||
Blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg | 13,556 | 68.2±0.4 | 69.8±0.2 | 1.6 | <0.001 | 1.5 | 0.002 | −3.6 | 0.005 |
Testing of LDL cholesterol level | 13,545 | 94.6±0.2 | 91.9±0.1 | −2.7 | <0.001 | −2.4 | <0.001 | −1.8 | <0.001 |
LDL cholesterol level <100 mg/dl | 13,545 | 64.5±0.4 | 65.6±0.2 | 1.0 | 0.02 | 0.9 | 0.07 | 0.5 | 0.68 |
Testing of glycated hemoglobin level | 20,132 | 94.8±0.2 | 93.8±0.1 | −1.0 | <0.001 | −0.8 | <0.001 | −1.4 | 0.01 |
Glycated hemoglobin level ≤9.0% | 20,132 | 80.6±0.3 | 84.0±0.2 | 3.4 | <0.001 | 3.8 | <0.001 | 1.7 | 0.09 |
Asian or Pacific Islander vs. white | |||||||||
Blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg | 5,253 | 74.1±0.7 | 69.7±0.2 | −4.4 | <0.001 | −2.0 | 0.005 | −7.3 | <0.001 |
Testing of LDL cholesterol level | 5,497 | 94.7±0.3 | 92.1±0.1 | −2.7 | <0.001 | −2.0 | <0.001 | −3.8 | <0.001 |
LDL cholesterol level <100 mg/dl | 5,497 | 72.3±0.6 | 66.8±0.2 | −5.5 | <0.001 | −2.5 | <0.001 | −4.9 | <0.001 |
Testing of glycated hemoglobin level | 5,468 | 94.9±0.3 | 93.7±0.1 | −1.1 | 0.002 | −0.5 | 0.20 | −3.0 | 0.001 |
Glycated hemoglobin level ≤9.0% | 5,468 | 83.7±0.6 | 84.0±0.2 | 0.3 | 0.63 | 2.6 | <0.001 | −1.8 | 0.25 |
Plus–minus values are means ±SE. P values of 0.05 or less were considered to indicate statistical significance. LDL denotes low-density lipoprotein.
Proportions were directly standardized to the estimated distribution of prevalence according to age and sex for each minority group; in the comparisons, the proportions of white enrollees were standardized to the distribution of enrollees in the respective minority group.
The proportions of white enrollees were additionally weighted to match distributions of minority comparison groups across geographic regions and health plans.