Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of women who developed GDM and race/ethnicity-matched women who did not (controls)
| Variables | Controls (n = 120) | GDM (n = 60) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)a | 33 (30–36) | 35 (31–37) | 0.11 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | — | ||
| White | 63 (52) | 31 (52) | |
| Black | 39 (33) | 20 (33) | |
| Hispanic | 12 (10) | 6 (10) | |
| Other | 6 (5) | 3 (5) | |
| Multiparous, n (%) | 64 (53) | 39 (65) | 0.15 |
| Private insurance, n (%) | 105 (88) | 53 (88) | 0.99 |
| Body mass indexa | 25 (22–28) | 29 (26–34) | 0.003 |
| Gestational age at serum collection (weeks)a | 13 (12–13) | 13 (12–13) | 0.41 |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks)a | 39 (39–40) | 38 (37–39) | <0.001 |
| Season of blood draw, n (%) | 0.002 | ||
| Winter | 36 (30) | 15 (25) | |
| Spring | 26 (22) | 18 (30) | |
| Summer | 28 (23) | 13 (22) | |
| Fall | 30 (25) | 14 (23) | |
| Serum 25(OH)D level, n (%) | 0.95 | ||
| <50 nmol/L | 8 (6.7) | 5 (8.3) | |
| 50–74.9 nmol/L | 24 (20) | 11 (18.3) | |
| 75+ nmol/L | 88 (73.3) | 44 (73.3) |
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
a
Values are median (interquartile range).
Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables; Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.