Table 4.
Use of PS in BTES.
| BTES | References | Components of PS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Posture/tone | Autonomic | Affect | Attention | Expectation | ||
| Qigong | Cohen, 1999 | P | P | P | P | P |
| Yoga | Satchidananda, 1978; Sivananda, 2005; Singleton and Byrne, 2008; Jois, 2010 | P | P | C | P | P |
| Meditation | Johnson, 2000; Frantzis, 2001; Kabat-Zinn, 2005; Dorjee, 2013 | P | C | C | P | P |
| Alexander | Jones, 1976; Alexander and Maisel, 1989; Gelb, 1995 | P | C | C | P | P |
| Feldenkrais | Feldenkrais, 2002, 2005; Rywerant and Feldenkrais, 2003 | P | C | C | P | C |
| Rolfing | Rolf, 1989; Sise, 2005; Karrasch, 2009 | P | C | C | P | C |
| Reichian | Boadella, 1974 | P | P | P | C | P |
| Formative | Keleman, 1971, 1979, 2013 | P | P | P | P | P |
| SE | Levine, 1997, 2010; Payne et al., 2015 | P | P | P | P | P |
The listed BTES use interventions that involve several of the components of the PS. Stated claims of influencing other components of the PS are also listed. Although the BTES differ in emphasis and in the details of the intervention, they share a similar framework. The references in this table are to substantiate that the BTES claim to use these forms of intervention and to have these effects; they refer mainly to the writings of the founders or prominent practitioners, not to peer-reviewed publications. Key: P, Principal form of intervention C, Effect claimed.