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. 2015 Jan 28;145(4):681–690. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.201574

TABLE 3.

Plasma metabolite characteristics of overweight and obese subjects responsive or nonresponsive to energy restriction before and after a 12 wk weight-loss intervention1

High-responder
 Low-responder
 Linear mixed model analysis2
Variable Preintervention Postintervention Preintervention Postintervention Responder loss group Week Interaction
Stearic acid, QIPH 121,000 ± 22,000a 111,000 ± 25,000a,b 102,000 ± 23,000b 101,000 ± 20,000b 0.01 0.09 0.28
Oleic acid, QIPH 10,700 ± 5200a 9080 ± 3700a,b 7970 ± 3000 b 7390 ± 3300b 0.02 0.14 0.50
2-ketoisocaproic acid, QIPH 1960 ± 1100b,c 1880 ± 990c 3450 ± 2600a,b 3940 ± 2700a 0.02 0.87 0.41
Myo-inositol, QIPH 13,400 ± 2700a 13,300 ± 3200a 11,700 ± 2400a,b 10,600 ± 1900b 0.03 0.86 0.30
Palmitic acid, QIPH 26,900 ± 5500a 24,700 ± 5500a,b 23,100 ± 6000b 22,300 ± 6400b 0.04 0.16 0.51
Citric acid, QIPH 39,800 ± 8900 46,700 ± 13,000 35,400 ± 9800 33,200 ± 8400 0.17 0.01 0.01
Dihydro-3-coumaric acid, QIPH 259 ± 110 267 ± 100 304 ± 98 229 ± 88 0.15 0.78 0.02
Dodecanol, QIPH 234 ± 50 266 ± 59 272 ± 73 251 ± 71 0.05 0.06 0.03
Arachidic acid, QIPH 3440 ± 790 3160 ± 1500 3500 ± 760 4380 ± 1600 0.87 0.46 0.03
Succinic acid, QIPH 767 ± 170 844 ± 200 805 ± 170 725 ± 190 0.50 0.16 0.04
Threonic acid, QIPH 8710 ± 2700 9990 ± 3300 9350 ± 3600 8320 ± 2700 0.50 0.12 0.05
Glycerol-α-phosphate, QIPH 402 ± 120 419 ± 100 350 ± 65 374 ± 77 0.07 0.53 0.86
Conduritol-β-epoxide, QIPH 1960 ± 1100 1780 ± 1100 1470 ± 700 1260 ± 590 0.07 0.44 0.94
4-deoxythreonic acid/4-deoxyerythronic acid, QIPH 1650 ± 600 1830 ± 1000 1260 ± 510 1420 ± 700 0.09 0.26 0.92
Isoheptadecanoic acid, QIPH 2310 ± 500 2100 ± 440 2060 ± 540 1910 ± 480 0.10 0.10 0.73
1-monopalmitin, QIPH 169 ± 33 185 ± 44 188 ± 47 210 ± 52 0.14 0.22 0.78
Cholesterol, QIPH 402,000 ± 220,000 351,000 ± 180,000 308,000 ± 230,000 303,000 ± 240,000 0.16 0.07 0.25
3-hydroxybutanoic acid, QIPH 12,400 ± 7200 18,700 ± 17,000 10,800 ± 9500 11,500 ± 8200 0.64 0.03 0.17
Uric acid, QIPH 37,100 ± 15,000 33,300 ± 14,000 31,400 ± 12,000 31,300 ± 15,000 0.19 0.11 0.27
Proline, QIPH 91,700 ± 37,000 85,900 ± 39,000 111,000 ± 77,000 114,000 ± 41,000 0.22 0.70 0.66
N-acetylmannosamine, QIPH 320 ± 96 336 ± 86 351 ± 68 349 ± 70 0.22 0.52 0.62
Methionine sulfoxide, QIPH 5870 ± 2600 6440 ± 2600 4900 ± 3100 4180 ± 2400 0.24 0.46 0.24
Urea, QIPH 158,000 ± 77,000 200,000 ± 100,000 198,000 ± 120,000 206,000 ± 150,000 0.27 0.16 0.42
Phosphoric acid, QIPH 91,500 ± 17,000 90,700 ± 23,000 86,200 ± 25,000 94,700 ± 31,000 0.48 0.90 0.33
Behenic acid, QIPH 468 ± 190 471 ± 170 588 ± 240 673 ± 770 0.35 0.98 0.64
3-methoxytyrosine, QIPH 226 ± 49 247 ± 46 217 ± 53 215 ± 80 0.62 0.22 0.35
5-β-cholestanol, QIPH 180 ± 92 188 ± 71 213 ± 200 176 ± 130 0.41 0.81 0.36
5-methoxytryptamine, QIPH 466 ± 200 553 ± 500 580 ± 680 565 ± 340 0.42 0.54 0.61
β-alanine, QIPH 944 ± 360 833 ± 310 927 ± 410 893 ± 240 0.87 0.24 0.57
Taurine, QIPH 3980 ± 1800 4110 ± 1800 4020 ± 3400 3810 ± 2000 0.96 0.84 0.72
1

Values are means ± SDs, n = 22 per group. Annotated metabolites featured in partial least squares regression modeling weight loss at a VIP cutoff of 1.5. Pairwise comparisons of means were conducted on variables with a significant responder group fixed effect. All plasma metabolite measurements were conducted after an overnight fast. Means without a common letter differ with the use of Tukey’s honestly significant difference tests. QIPH, quantifier ion peak height; VIP, variable importance in projection.

2

Subject identification was input as a random effect. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. No metabolites were found to be significant at α = 0.05 after false discovery rate correction (38).