Table 5. Absenteeism and survey validation.

Indicator	Test statistic	P-value
Validation of survey tool: N = 155
Annual days missed (average between groups)	t = 2.3243	P = 0.02**
Unexcused absence (average between groups)	t = 2.0753	P = 0.04**
Mother-reported vs. school record-reported (comparing average number reported)
• May average	t = 1.23	P = 0.22
• annual average	t = 2.1737	P = 0.03**
Child participation after school in:
• business (y vs. n)	x2 = 0.0995	P = 0.75
• childcare (y vs. n)	x2 = 0.4636	P = 0.496

Note:

^**= significance at the p < 0.05 level.

Source: authors.