Table 5.
Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for Factors Associated with Health Services Utilization Among CSHCN+ASD Age 6–17 years
| Model | Health Care Service Utilization
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI): Current use of ≥ 1 psychotropic medications | AOR (95% CI): Current use of a behavioral intervention or modification at least once per week | AOR (95% CI): Current use of complimentary and alternative medicine | ||||
|
| ||||||
| SDH† | SDH + Beliefs† | SDH† | SDH + Beliefs† | SDH† | SDH + Beliefs† | |
|
| ||||||
|
Race/Ethnicity
| ||||||
| Hispanic | 0.67 (0.35 – 1.27) | 0.68 (0.35 – 1.33) | 0.51 (0.25 – 1.06) | 0.57 (0.27 – 1.17) | 1.13 (0.52 – 2.45) | 1.13 (0.56 – 2.30) |
| Black, Non-Hispanic | 0.41 (0.18 – 0.92) | 0.43 (0.19 – 0.98) | 0.58 (0.25 – 1.35) | 0.63 (0.27 – 1.47) | 1.59 (0.69 – 3.68) | 1.49 (0.62 – 3.58) |
| Other, Race Non-Hispanic | 0.87 (0.44 – 1.71) | 0.87 (0.45 – 1.66) | 0.37 (0.17 – 0.79) | 0.37 (0.17 – 0.82) | 0.71 (0.32 – 1.58) | 0.66 (0.29 – 1.53) |
| White, Non-Hispanic | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||||
|
Household Income
| ||||||
| 0%–99% FPL | 1.32 (0.54 –3.21) | 1.29 (0.52 – 3.21) | 0.94 (0.40 – 2.24) | 0.98 (0.41 – 2.37) | 0.60 (0.21 – 1.70) | 0.60 (0.20 – 1.81) |
| 100%–199% FPL | 1.12 (0.60–2.11) | 1.13 (0.60 – 2.15) | 1.06 (0.54 – 2.09) | 1.17 (0.61 – 2.23) | 0.80 (0.39 – 1.65) | 0.85 (0.40 – 1.80) |
| 200%–399% FPL | 0.95 (0.60 – 1.52) | 0.94 (0.59 – 1.51) | 1.44 (0.87 – 2.40) | 1.45 (0.87 – 2.42) | 0.77 (0.44 – 1.36) | 0.78 (0.44 – 1.38) |
| ≥400% FPL | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||||
|
Household Educational Level
| ||||||
| High school or less | 1.40 (0.77 – 2.54) | 1.41 (0.76 – 2.62) | 0.99 (0.52 – 1.90) | 1.07 (0.55 – 2.05) | 0.60 (0.28 – 1.28) | 0.56 (0.26 – 1.23) |
| More than high school | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Abbreviations: ASD, autism spectrum disorder; CI, Confidence interval; CI, confidence interval; OR, Odds ratio; SDH, social determinants of health.
Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Model was adjusted for child age, gender, region, insurance type, household income level, race/ethnicity, family structure, functional limitations Combined Socal Determinants and Parent Belief Model (SDH+Beliefs) was adjusted for child age, gender, region, insurance type, household income level, race/ethnicity, family structure, functional limitations and highest level of parental education as well as parent beliefs on whether the condition is likely to be lifelong rather than temporary, whether the problem can be prevented or decreased with treatment, if the condition is a mystery to the parent and whether the parent feels they have the power to change the child’s condition.