Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Sample at the 12th Annual Visit
| Study Variables | Total N=1103 |
|---|---|
| Age, years, mean(SD) | 59.6 (2.7) |
| Race, n(%)* | |
| White | 592 (53.7) |
| Black | 336 (30.5) |
| Chinese | 175 (15.9) |
| Menopausal Status, n(%) | |
| Not postmenopausal | 32 (2.9) |
| Postmenopausal | 1071 (97.1) |
| Body mass index, Kg/m2, mean(SD) | 29.5 (7.3) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean(SD) | 120.6 (16.7) |
| LDL-C, mg/dL, mean(SD) | 120.4 (31.6) |
| HDL-C, mg/dL, mean(SD) | 62.7 (16.3) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 96.0 (73.0, 134.0) |
| HOMA insulin resistance index, median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.2, 3.6) |
| Smoking status, n(%) | |
| Never | 689 (62.5) |
| Ever | 321 (29.1) |
| Current | 93 (8.4) |
| Ever use of cardiovascular medications, n(%)† | 584 (53.0) |
| Ever use of HT, n(%) | 390 (35.4) |
| Diabetic, n(%) | 105 (9.5) |
| Physical activity score, mean(SD) | 7.7 (1.8) |
| cIMT, mm, mean(SD) | 0.79 (0.1) |
| cAD, mm, mean (SD) | 7.2 (0.6) |
| Level of plaque burden, n(%) | |
| None | 609 (55.2) |
| Minimal | 215 (19.5) |
| High | 279 (25.3) |
| Average time needed for sit-to-stand, s, median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) |
| Average walking speed, m/s, mean (SD) | 1.4 (0.3) |
LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, cIMT: carotid intima-media thickness, cAD: carotid adventitial diameter
*
Los Angeles site did not participate in carotid ultrasound assessment and therefore data were not available for the Japanese participants of the SWAN study
†
Ever use of cardiovascular medications including antihypertensive, lipid-lowering and heart medications