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. 2015 Apr;7(4):a021287. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021287

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Model of effects of human wild-type α-synuclein (WTS) and mouse endogenous α-synuclein in the dentate gyrus (DG). (A) A newly generated neuron integrating into the DG is shown on the left part of all images; the right part depicts a higher magnified insert of a dendrite showing spines and the larger mushroom spines (A–D). (B–D) Models showing the impact of WTS on dendrite and spine development. (B) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) WTS transgenic mice. (C) Retroviral overexpression of WTS using a CAG-WTS-green fluorescent protein (GFP) construct. (D) Retroviral overexpression of WTS on an α/β-synuclein knockout background. Cell-specific overexpression of WTS results in decreased dendrite length and spine density (B,C), whereas nonspecific overexpression (C) leads to a decrease in mushroom spines, as indicated in the purple panels showing an example of magnification of the spines (according to Winner et al. 2012). CAG, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer fused to the chicken β-actin promoter.