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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 21.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2014 Oct 13;130(17):1474–1482. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011489

Table 1.

Selected characteristics of 107,130 Nurses’ Health Study participants during the full period of follow-up (1986–2012) for the full analytic cohort and by residential proximity to A1–A3 roads

Residential Proximity to Nearest A1–A3 Road (m)
Characteristics (Mean (SD) or %) All 0–49 50–199 200–499 500+
Age (years) 64.3 (10.0) 64.8 (10.1) 64.3 (10.0) 64.1 (10.0) 64.1 (10.0)
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) 26.3 (5.3) 26.5 (5.3) 26.3 (5.3) 26.2 (5.2) 26.3 (5.2)
Alternative Healthy Eating Index 49.6 (11.0) 49.3 (10.9) 49.5 (10.9) 49.6 (11.0) 49.8 (11.0)
Census tract median income ($1,000) 65.4 (25.1) 64.1 (26.4) 64.8 (25.6) 65.9 (24.7) 66.1 (24.1)
Census tract median home value ($10,000) 17.7 (13.1) 17.9 (14.5) 18.3 (14.0) 17.8 (12.8) 16.9 (11.3)
Race
  White 94 93 93 93 95
  Black 2 2 2 2 1
  Other/Multiple Races 5 5 5 5 4
Smoking Status
    Never 44 44 43 43 45
    Former 42 41 42 42 42
    Current 11 11 11 11 10
Secondhand Smoke During Childhood
  None 26 25 26 25 26
  From Mother 4 4 4 4 4
  From Father 35 35 34 34 35
  From Both Parents 15 15 15 15 16
  Missing 21 21 21 21 20
Home Secondhand Smoke
  None 34 33 33 34 35
  Occasional 19 19 19 19 19
  Regular 17 18 18 18 16
  Missing 30 30 30 30 29
Occupational Secondhand Smoke
  None 15 15 15 16 16
  Occasional 30 29 30 31 31
  Regular 23 24 23 22 22
  Missing/Not working 32 32 32 31 31
Menopause Status
    Premenopausal 9 9 9 9 9
    Postmenopausal 86 86 86 86 86
    Dubious 4 4 4 4 4
Postmenopausal Hormone Use
    Never 22 24 23 22 21
    Former 28 27 27 28 31
    Current 25 23 24 25 26
    N/A or Missing 25 26 26 25 23
Aspirin Use (times/week)
    <1 57 56 55 56 59
    1–6 18 17 18 18 17
    7+ 10 10 10 10 10
Parental History of Myocardial Infarction
    None 74 74 74 74 74
    Before age 60 12 12 12 12 12
    After age 60 15 14 15 15 14
Alcohol Consumption (g/day)
    0 37 38 37 36 37
    0.1–4.9 27 26 27 27 27
    5.0–14.9 17 16 17 17 17
    15.0+ 10 9 10 10 10
Physical Activity (hrs/week)
    0 22 23 22 22 20
    0.1–1.9 36 35 36 36 36
    2–3.9 17 16 17 17 18
    4+ 20 19 19 20 21
Other Diagnoses During Follow-Up
    Diabetes 8 9 9 8 8
    High cholesterol 51 50 50 50 52
    High blood pressure 44 45 45 44 44
    Stroke 2 2 2 2 2
    Coronary Heart Disease 6 7 6 6 6
Region of Residence
    Northeast 50 59 54 47 44
    Midwest 18 16 15 18 21
    West 14 12 17 16 12
    South 18 13 14 19 23

Values are mean (SD) or percentages and besides age, are standardized to the age distribution of the study population.

NOTE: Participants may be in multiple exposure categories during the study follow-up