Table 2.

Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association of risk of sudden cardiac death 1986–2012 with residential proximity to A1–A3 roads among Nurses’ Health Study participants (N=107,130)

Distance (m)	Cases	Person-Years	Basic*	Multivariable†	Multivariable‡
0–49	103	354,901	1.56 (1.18–2.05)	1.40 (1.06–1.85)	1.38 (1.04–1.82)
50–199	150	661,072	1.27 (0.98–1.63)	1.19 (0.92–1.53)	1.17 (0.91–1.51)
200–499	169	770,257	1.26 (0.98–1.61)	1.20 (0.94–1.54)	1.20 (0.93–1.53)
500+	101	594,129	reference	reference	reference
Linear (per 100m closer)§	523	2,380,358	1.08 (1.03–1.14)	1.06 (1.01–1.12)	1.06 (1.01–1.11)

^*Models adjusted for age, race, and calendar time

^†Models additionally adjusted for smoking status, secondhand smoke exposure during childhood, at home, and at work, BMI, menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone use, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, alcohol consumption, physical activity, family history of MI, aspirin, multivitamin, and vitamin E use, region of residence, and Census tract median home value and median income, and incidence of diabetes or cancer

^‡Models additionally adjusted for comorbidities -- incidence of high cholesterol, high blood pressure, stroke, or coronary heart disease

^§Linear models for distances 0–499m, compared to addresses 500+m away

Note: N, person-years, and number of cases apply for all models