Table 3.

Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95% CI) for associations of the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) 1986–2010 with residential proximity to A1–A3 roads among Nurses’ Health Study participants (N=107,130)

Outcome	Distance (m)	Cases	Person-Years	Basic*	Multivariable†	Multivariable‡
Nonfatal MI	0–49	445	326,705	1.14 (1.00–1.29)	1.08 (0.96–1.23)	1.08 (0.96–1.23)
	50–199	819	611,508	1.13 (1.02–1.26)	1.09 (0.98–1.22)	1.09 (0.98–1.21)
	200–499	861	711, 732	1.05 (0.95–1.17)	1.03 (0.92–1.14)	1.03 (0.92–1.14)
	500+	606	541,065	reference	reference	reference
	Linear (per 100m)§	2,731	2,191,010	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	1.02 (1.00–1.04)	1.02 (1.00–1.04)
Fatal CHD	0–49	228	331,321	1.41 (1.17–1.70)	1.24 (1.03–1.49)	1.24 (1.03–1.50)
	50–199	341	619,706	1.18 (1.00–1.40)	1.07 (0.90–1.27)	1.07 (0.90–1.27)
	200–499	362	720,015	1.12 (0.95–1.33)	1.06 (0.90–1.25)	1.07 (0.90–1.26)
	500+	228	547,634	reference	reference	reference
	Linear (per 100m)§	1,159	2,218,407	1.07 (1.03–1.10)	1.04 (1.00–1.07)	1.04 (1.00–1.07)

^*Models adjusted for age, race, and calendar time

^†Models additionally adjusted for smoking status, secondhand smoke exposure during childhood, at home, and at work, BMI, menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone use, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, alcohol consumption, physical activity, family history of MI, aspirin, multivitamin, and vitamin E use, region of residence, and Census tract median home value and median income, and incidence of diabetes or cancer

^‡Models additionally adjusted for comorbidities -- incidence of high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or stroke

^§Linear models for distances 0–499m, compared to addresses 500+m away

Note: Ns, person-years, and number of cases apply for all models