Table 2.
Procalcitonin levels at day 0 for prediction of severe adverse events in patients with acute respiratory infection a
| Event | PCT (μg/L) in patients with treatment failure | PCT (μg/L) in patients without treatment failure | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | AUC (95% CI) | P -value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical setting, mean, median (SD, IQR) | ||||||
| Primary care | Treatment failure | 0.26, 0.07 (2.22, 0.05 to 0.09) | 0.14, 0.07 (0.83, 0.05 to 0.09) | 1.12 (0.73, 1.72) | 0.50 (0.46, 0.54) | 0.606 |
| Emergency department | Treatment failure | 5.26, 0.51 (17.86, 0.17 to 2.71) | 1.85, 0.23 (8.09, 0.10 to 0.80) | 1.85 (1.61, 2.12) | 0.64 (0.61, 0.67) | <0.001 |
| Mortality | 5.85, 0.54 (22.53, 0.21 to 3.17) | 2.22, 0.24 (9.33, 0.10 to 0.96) | 1.82 (1.45, 2.29) | 0.67 (0.63, 0.71) | <0.001 | |
| ICU | Mortality | 12.06, 1.15 (35.21, 0.33 to 6.34) | 6.59, 1.36 (14.07, 0.37 to 5.07) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.37) | 0.50 (0.44, 0.56) | 0.705 |
| Primary diagnosis | ||||||
| Total upper ARI, n (%) | Treatment failure | 0.07, 0.06 (0.04, 0.05 to 0.08) | 0.07, 0.06 (0.05, 0.04 to 0.08) | 0.91 (0.40, 2.10) | 0.50 (0.45, 0.55) | 0.832 |
| Common cold | Treatment failure | 0.07, 0.06 (0.03, 0.05 to 0.08) | 0.06, 0.05 (0.03, 0.04 to 0.08) | 4.76 (1.27, 17.87) | 0.58 (0.51, 0.64) | 0.021 |
| Rhinosinusitis, otitis | Treatment failure | 0.06, 0.05 (0.03, 0.03 to 0.08) | 0.08, 0.06 (0.08, 0.04 to 0.09) | 0.18 (0.03, 0.96) | 0.39 (0.29, 0.50) | 0.045 |
| Pharyngitis, tonsillitis | Treatment failure | 0.08, 0.07 (0.05, 0.06 to 0.10) | 0.09, 0.08 (0.05, 0.06 to 0.11) | 0.19 (0.02, 1.53) | 0.42 (0.31, 0.54) | 0.120 |
| Total lower ARI, n (%) | Treatment failure | 5.64, 0.38 (21.20, 0.11 to 1.91) | 2.34, 0.23 (8.97, 0.09 to 1.02) | 1.40 (1.26, 1.55) | 0.57 (0.54, 0.59) | <0.001 |
| Mortality | 9.3, 0.95 (30.25, 0.30 to 5.11) | 2.49, 0.22 (9.59, 0.09 to 1.04) | 2.13 (1.82, 2.49) | 0.71 (0.68, 0.74) | <0.001 | |
| Acute bronchitis | Treatment failure | 0.10, 0.07 (0.11, 0.05 to 0.11) | 0.22, 0.08 (0.93, 0.05 to 0.12) | 0.77 (0.40, 1.48) | 0.47 (0.41, 0.53) | 0.430 |
| Mortality | 0.22, 0.22 (0.04, 0.19 to 0.24) | 0.20, 0.08 (0.84, 0.05 to 0.11) | 1.97 (0.20, 19.52) | 0.91 (0.88, 0.95) | 0.561 | |
| Exacerbation of COPD | Treatment failure | 0.40, 0.14 (1.30, 0.08 to 0.27) | 0.23, 0.10 (0.67, 0.07 to 0.17) | 1.94 (1.14, 3.32) | 0.60 (0.53, 0.67) | 0.015 |
| Mortality | 1.06, 0.25 (2.70, 0.18 to 0.62) | 0.23, 0.10 (0.64, 0.07 to 0.18) | 6.12 (2.46, 15.18) | 0.79 (0.69, 0.90) | <0.001 | |
| Community-acquired pneumonia | Treatment failure | 8.30, 1.00 (25.76, 0.28 to 5.19) | 3.13, 0.41 (10.56, 0.17 to 1.57) | 1.66 (1.44, 1.90) | 0.61 (0.58, 0.64) | <0.001 |
| Mortality | 10.66, 1.01 (32.95, 0.33 to 5.67) | 3.53, 0.44 (11.63, 0.18 to 1.76) | 1.69 (1.41, 2.04) | 0.62 (0.58, 0.66) | <0.001 | |
| Ventilator-associated pneumonia | Mortality | 4.27, 1.29 (6.43, 0.39 to 5.87) | 5.34, 1.42 (11.81, 0.37 to 4.47) | 1.08 (0.55, 2.12) | 0.51 (0.38, 0.65) | 0.817 |
aARI, Acute respiratory tract infection; AUC, Area under the curve; CI, Confidence interval; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, Intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; OR, odds ratio; PCT, procalcitonin; SD, standard deviation. Statistically significant values are shown in bold.