Table 1.
Mechanism of bone effects of certain hormones acting in pituitary disorders.
| Hormone | Physiological effect | Effect of hormone excess | Effect of hormone deficit |
|---|---|---|---|
| GH, IGF-1 | Anabolic effect, influence bone size, OB stimulation, OC promotion, necessary for attaining normal PBM | Thickening of bone, ↑cortical BMD |
↓PBM, ↓BMD |
|
| |||
| Prolactin | None | OC stimulation, ↓trabecular BMD |
None |
|
| |||
| Cortisol | None | OB inhibition, OC stimulation, ↓trabecular BMD, ↓PBM |
None |
|
| |||
| Sex steroids | Necessary for attaining normal PBM | None | OC stimulation, ↓trabecular BMD |
|
| |||
| Thyroxine | Necessary for bone growth and attaining normal PBM | ↓PBM, OC stimulation | ↓PBM |
OB—osteoblast; OC—osteoclast; PBM—peak bone mass; BMD—bone mineral density.