Figure 5.

Microglia and giants cells in micro- and macrotubers. (a,b) Microglia are not activated in microtubers, levels of CD68 (a) and Iba1(b) immunoreactivity are not increased within microtubers. (c,d) Immunolabelling for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in microtubers (c) and in tubers (d). (c) I type microtuber located near the tuber (marked with a dashed line) with a giant cell (arrow in c1 and c1’) both GS+ (blue) and TNFα + (red). (d) Many giant cells (arrows, marked only some) contain TNFα in the central part of the tuber. (e-g) Giant cells (arrows) in perituberal area located within non-reactive protoplasmic astrocytes. Note that in e) giant cell (arrow) is located near microtuber (asterisk). Confocal microscopy, double immunostaining (a,b,d-g) counterstaining with Nissl, triple immunostaining (c). a’, b’,d’,c1’,g’ represent split a, b, d,c1,g images, respectively. c1 - enlarged boxed area outlined in c. scale bars: 100 μm in a-c,e-g; 75 μm in d.