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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2014 Sep;23(5):513–518. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000044

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Working model of renalase as a cytokine. Extracellular renalase interacts with a plasma membrane receptor to activate protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase and increase cell survival.