Table 1.
Correlations among predictor and outcome variables and descriptive statistics.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Mean | SD | n | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | |||||||||||||||
| 1 Obj. hardship | 1 | 0.40** | 0.18 | −0.05 | −0.15 | 0.09 | −0.01 | 0.09 | −0.06 | −0.09 | 0.18 | 0.22* | 1.8 | 0.8 | 106 |
| 2 Subj. distress | 0.40** | 1 | 0.00 | 0.10 | −0.02 | 0.12 | 0.02 | −0.01 | −0.26* | −0.21* | 0.30** | 0.19 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 106 |
| 3 Timing | 0.18 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.07 | −0.02 | 0.04 | −0.08 | −0.10 | 0.10 | 0.02 | −0.17 | −0.01 | 140.5 | 78.0 | 106 |
| 4 Birth weight | −0.05 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 1 | −0.02 | 0.02 | −0.08 | −0.05 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 3531 | 469 | 106 |
| 5 Fetal risk | −0.15 | −0.02 | −0.02 | −0.02 | 1 | 0.57** | 0.53** | 0.06 | −0.25* | −0.18 | −0.11 | 0.13 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 106 |
| 6 Mat. BMI 2.5 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.57** | 1 | 0.92** | 0.00 | −0.40** | −0.19 | 0.06 | 0.26** | 26.5 | 5.8 | 99 |
| 7 Mat. BMI 4 | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.08 | −0.08 | 0.53** | 0.92** | 1 | 0.09 | −0.46** | −0.20 | 0.02 | 0.27* | 27.3 | 7.3 | 75 |
| 8 Smoking | 0.09 | −0.01 | −0.10 | −0.05 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 1 | 0.01 | −0.14 | 0.18 | 0.25* | 0.3 | 1.5 | 106 |
| 9 BF duration | −0.06 | −0.26* | 0.10 | 0.06 | −0.25* | −0.40** | −0.46** | 0.01 | 1 | 0.26* | −0.07 | −0.03 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 98 |
| 10 SES | −0.09 | −0.21* | 0.02 | 0.02 | −0.18 | −0.19 | −0.20 | −0.14 | 0.26* | 1 | −0.16 | −0.26** | 53.3 | 9.8 | 106 |
| Mat. gen. depr. | 0.18 | 0.30** | −0.17 | 0.09 | −0.11 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.18 | −0.07 | −0.16 | 1 | 0.42** | 33.2 | 8.2 | 106 |
| Mat. life events | 0.22* | 0.19 | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.26** | 0.27* | 0.25* | −0.03 | −0.26** | 0.42** | 1 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 106 |
| Child outcomes | |||||||||||||||
| BMIZ 2.5 | 0.02 | 0.17 | −0.05 | 0.24* | −0.12 | 0.14 | 0.31* | 0.03 | −0.09 | −0.09 | 0.08 | −0.01 | −0.03 | 1.00 | 98 |
| BMIZ 4 | −0.15 | 0.08 | −0.24* | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.45** | 0.51** | −0.03 | −0.19 | −0.12 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.40 | 1.09 | 77 |
| BMIZ dif. | 0.06 | 0.01 | −0.28* | −0.08 | 0.34** | 0.29* | 0.34** | 0.29* | −0.10 | −0.05 | −0.03 | 0.16 | 0.38 | 0.85 | 69 |
| SS + TR 2.5 | 0.09 | 0.10 | −0.25* | 0.06 | −0.12 | 0.05 | 0.22 | −0.05 | −0.10 | 0.13 | 0.09 | −0.10 | 13.9 | 2.7 | 88 |
| SS + TR 4 | 0.13 | 0.26* | −0.26* | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.32* | 0.42** | 0.15 | −0.24 | −0.22 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 17.2 | 3.7 | 62 |
| SS + TR dif. | 0.38** | 0.42** | −0.18 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.28* | 0.36* | 0.67** | −0.11 | −0.16 | 0.03 | 0.27 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 52 |
| SS : TR 2.5 | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.20 | −0.04 | −0.01 | 0.07 | 0.19 | −0.07 | −0.07 | 0.10 | 0.61 | 0.17 | 88 |
| SS : TR 4 | −0.11 | 0.03 | −0.13 | 0.23 | −0.08 | −0.11 | −0.11 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.23 | −0.02 | 0.64 | 0.22 | 62 |
| SS : TR dif. | −0.04 | 0.18 | −0.19 | 0.27 | 0.02 | −0.13 | −0.13 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.36** | −0.07 | 0.06 | 0.26 | 52 |
* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01. Abbreviations: Obj. hardship: objective hardship; Subj. distr.: subjective distress; Mat.: maternal; BMI: body mass index; BF duration: breastfeeding duration (months); SES: socioeconomic status; gen. depr.: general depression; BMIZ: body mass index Z-Score; Dif.: difference between values at age 2.5 and 4 years; SS: subscapular skinfold; TR: triceps skinfold.