Table 2.
Summary of data on chemopreventive effects of TZDs in animal and human epidemiological studies.
| Cancer type | Role of PPARγ expression | TZD | Experimental model | Result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIO | Chemically-induced rat cancer model | Reduction of tumor incidence | [121] | ||
| Colon | ⇓/⇑ | Transgenic murine cancer model (nonsense mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli) | Increase of tumor incidence | [122] | |
| TRO | Chemically-induced rat cancer model | Reduction of tumor incidence | [123] | ||
| ROSI | Meta-analysis of diabetes trials | Reduced colon cancer incidence | [64] | ||
|
| |||||
| Lung | ⇓/⇑ | PIO | Chemically induced murine cancer model | Reduction of tumor incidence | [72] |
| PIO | Observational study | Reduced lung cancer incidence | [63] | ||
|
| |||||
| Breast | ⇓ | PIO | Meta-analysis of diabetes trials | Reduced breast cancer incidence | [64] |
|
| |||||
| Liver | ⇓ | PIO | Chemically induced rat cancer model | Reduced tumor incidence | [73] |
|
| |||||
| Endometrium | ⇓ | ROSI | Transgenic murine cancer model | Reduced tumor incidence | [12] |
|
| |||||
| Oral (squamous cancer) | ⇓ | PIO | Transgenic rat cancer model | Reduced tumor incidence | [77] |
| TRO | Chemically induced rat cancer model | Reduced tumor incidence | [78] | ||
PPARγ expression on tumor progression: promotion: ⇑; protection: ⇓.