HEK293A were cultured in DMEM + 2% FBS and transfected with pmirGLO constructs containing various miRNA binding sites and (a) relative fluorescence quantitated using a luminometer to determine relative knockdown by miR-181b (mean ± SEM, n = 4, *** P ≤ 0.01). SF were cultured in DMEM + 2% FBS and transfected with miR-control, synthetic miR-181b or siRNA-DCN and (b) DCN protein in supernatant was measured by ELISA (mean ± SEM, n = 3, ** P < 0.03), and (c) DCN mRNA was measured using RT-qPCR on total RNA (mean ± SEM, n = 3, * P < 0.05). (d) DF were cultured in DMEM + 2% FBS and transfected with antagomiR-control (amiR-control) or antagomiR-181b (amiR-181b) and DCN protein in supernatant was measured by ELISA (mean ± SEM, n = 3, *** P < 0.01).