Table 6. Association between Plasmodium and STH infection by Mantel-Haenszel analysis using age group as justification.
| Age group (years) | All helminth | E. Vermicularis | Hookworm | S. stercoralis | T. trichura |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Under 3 years | 1.7 (0.6–4.9) | 0.3 (0.0–3.2) | 0.5 (0.0–5.2) | 9.2 (0.8–105.5) | 0.0 |
| p = 0.3241 | p = 0.3042 | p = 0.5704 | p = 0.0293 | p = 0.6259 | |
| 3–5 years | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 0.8 (0.2–3.2) | 0.9 (0.2–3.8) | 1.5 (0.3–7.1) | 0.0 |
| p = 0.4242 | p = 0.7219 | p = 0.8401 | p = 0.5789 | p = 0.2698 | |
| Above 5 years | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) | 0.9 (0.4–1.8) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 1.8 (0.8–4.4) | 0.3 (0.0–2.1) |
| p = 0.1718 | p = 0.6995 | p = 0.3129 | p = 0.1604 | p = 0.178 | |
| Mixed helminth infection | |||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | 1.9 (1.0–3.7)# | 0.2 (0.0–1.5) |
| p = 0.0072 | p = 0.5392 | p = 0.2784 | p = 0.0588 | p = 0.0811 | |
| Helminth monoinfection | |||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | - | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 2.5 (1.2–5.2) # | 0.0 |
| - | p = 0.43 | p = 0.5423 | p = 0.0146 | p = 0.1177 | |
| M-H adjusted for age group a | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | 2.2 (1.1–4.3) | 0.2 (0.0–1.5) |
| p = 0.0684 | p = 0.4125 | p = 0.2641 | p = 0.0266 | p = 0.0739 | |
| Homogeneity of ORs b | p = 0.9491 | p = 0.7055 | p = 0.9272 | p = 0.3774 | p = 0.8257 |
# Denotes crude ORs. To assess for confounding, crude and adjusted ORs are compared in terms of the difference in relation to magnitude
a The test assesses whether the exposure is significant after adjusting for the age groups
b The test compares whether there is significant difference between age group specific ORs (homogeneity of the stratum ORs), hence whether the overall adjusted OR is valid.