T-cell STAT3 is necessary for humoral immunity to chronic LCMV. (A–E) Lck-Cre−
Stat3fl/fl vs. Lck-Cre+
Stat3fl/fl mice were infected with 2 × 103 pfu LCMV-Docile. (A) LCMV-specific IgG antibodies in serum were measured by serial sampling and ELISA on days 0, 2, 3, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 65, 100, and 250 postinfection (mean ± SEM; n = 4–15 mice/group (B) LCMV-specific IgM antibodies in serum were measured by serial sampling and ELISA at days 3, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 40 postinfection (mean ± SEM, n = 3–4 mice/group). (C) LCMV- neutralizing antibodies were measured in the serum after serial sampling on days 0, 20, 65, 80, 125, 180, 250 postinfection (mean ±SEM; n = 4–10 mice/group). (D–E) LCMV-specific ASC in (D) spleen or (E) bone marrow were counted on day 0, 12, 20, and 65 postinfection by ELISPOT (mean ± SEM; n = 4–7 mice/group). Data shown are pooled from (A) three independent experiments, (B and C) two independent experiments, or (D–E) —one or two experiments per time-point. Statistical significance between groups was determined by Student's t-test, significance between multiple time points, was determined by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttest.