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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015 Jan 22;24(4):727–735. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-1253

Table 2.

Colorectal cancer risk in relation to aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID use

Non-cases
 Cases
 Sex and age-adjusted
 Multivariate-adjusteda,b
N % N % HR 95% CI HR 95% CI
Low-dose Aspirin 69,119 640
    None 49,317 71.35 477 74.53 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent
    Low usec 11,301 16.35 93 14.53 0.76 0.61 0.95 0.73 0.57 0.92
    High used 8,501 12.3 70 10.94 0.66 0.52 0.85 0.67 0.52 0.89
        P trend <0.001 0.001
Regular Aspirin 70,863 649
    None 53,377 75.32 519 79.97 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent
    Low usec 9,161 12.93 67 10.32 0.75 0.58 0.96 0.78 0.59 1.02
    High used 8,325 11.75 63 9.71 0.64 0.49 0.84 0.58 0.44 0.78
        P trend <0.001 <0.001
Non-aspirin NSAIDs 70,063 641
    None 47,550 67.87 482 75.2 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent
    Low usec 17,110 24.42 123 19.19 0.79 0.64 0.96 0.79 0.63 0.98
    High used 5,403 7.71 36 5.62 0.71 0.51 1.00 0.73 0.51 1.04
        P trend 0.005 0.014
Any NSAIDs 68,044 618
    None 25,142 36.95 273 44.17 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent
    Low usec 23,327 34.28 188 30.42 0.71 0.59 0.85 0.70 0.58 0.85
    High used 19,575 28.77 157 25.4 0.59 0.48 0.72 0.58 0.46 0.71
        P trend <0.001 <0.001

Abbreviation: HR, haz ard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

a

Adjusted for the following variables: age, gender, race (White, Black, Hispanic, other), education (high school or less, some college/technical, college graduate or higher), body mass index (normal[<25], overweight[25-<30], obese[30-<35], extremely obese[≥30]), MET-hours per week of moderate/vigorous activity (none and sex-specific textiles), smoking (never, former quit≥10 years ago, former quit<10 years ago, current smoker), alcohol intake (0 or ≥1 drink per month and ≤4 drinks per week; >4 drinks per week and <2 drinks per day), fruit and vegetable intake (servings/day; quartiles), red meat intake (ounce/week; quartiles), dietary and supplemental calcium intake (quartiles: <725.7mg/day, ≥725.7 and <1038.16 mg/day, ≥1038.16 and <1464.5 mg/day, and ≥1464.5mg/day), fiber intake (quartiles: ≤12.4gm/day, >12.4 and ≤17.4 gm/day, >17.4 and ≤23.7 gm/day, and >23.7gm/day), first degree family history of colorectal cancer (none, 1, more than 1 relatives), screening history (yes or no), female hormone replacement therapy use (never, former, current), coronary artery disease (yes or no), frequent headache (yes or no), arthritis or joint pain (yes or no), diabetes (yes or no), and cholesterol lowing drug use (yes or no). For each specific type of low-dose aspirin use, regular aspirin use and non-aspirin NSAID use, the other two types (none, low use or high use) were also adjusted.

b

In multivariate-adjusted model, there are 583 cases and 63,864 non-cases for low-dose aspirin use, regular aspirin use and non-aspirin NSAID use; 600 cases and 66,248 non-cases for any NSAID use.

c

Low use defined as 1-3 days per week or 1-3 years.

d

High use defined as ≥4 days per week and ≥4 years.