. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Res Microbiol. 2014 Oct 2;166(4):264–279. doi: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.09.004

Table 2.

C. perfringens toxinotypes, plasmid-encoded toxins, and associated diseases

Type	Toxin(s)	Human Disease(s)	Animal Disease(s)

A	CPE^*	Human food poisoning; non-food- borne GI diseases	Possible enteritis in dogs, pigs, horses, and goats.
	NetB	Not reported	Necrotizing enteritis in chickens
	CPB2	Not reported	Possible enteritis in pigs; possible enterocolitis in horses
	BEC	Possible human food poisoning	Not reported

B	Beta toxin, Epsilon toxin	Not reported	Necrotizing enteritis and enterotoxemia in sheep, cattle, and horses. Rare focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in sheep.

C	Beta toxin, CPE	Human enteritis necroticans	Necrotizing enteritis and enterotoxemia in pigs, sheep, cattle, horse, and other spp. (usually neonatal)

D	Epsilon toxin	Not reported	Enterotoxemia in sheep and goats; occasionally cattle and other species

E	Iota toxin	Not reported	Possible enteritis in rabbits, sheep and cattle

Modified with permission from [122] and incorporating newly discovered BEC toxin [71]

CPE is usually chromosomally-encoded in food poisoning strains but plasmid-encoded in non-foodborne GI disease strains (see text)