Table 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline, mean standard deviation or n (%)
| Baseline characteristic | All (N = 94) | YE (n = 31) | CE (n = 31) | C (n = 32) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 56.2 (7.9) | 56.7 (9.6) | 57.6 (6.6) | 54.4 (7.0) | .266 |
| Co-Morbidity | 2.3 (1.7) | 2.1 (1.7) | 2.1 (1.5) | 2.7 (1.8) | .323 |
| BMI | 28.8 (6.7) | 29.1 (6.7) | 29.1 (6.2) | 28.1 (7.3) | .810 |
| VO2max | 19.8 (5.1) | 20.2 (5.6) | 19.2 (4.9) | 19.9 (5.0) | .737 |
| Lymphedema | |||||
| Yes | 19 (20%) | 5 (16%) | 6 (19%) | 8 (25%) | |
| No | 72 (77%) | 25 (81%) | 25 (81%) | 22 (69%) | |
| Missing | 3 (37%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (6%) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 30 (32%) | 10 (32%) | 7 (23%) | 13 (41%) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 63 (67%) | 21 (68%) | 24 (77%) | 18 (56%) | |
| Missing | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | |||
| Race | |||||
| White | 75 (79%) | 26 (84%) | 25 (81%) | 24 (75%) | |
| African American | 5 (5%) | -- | 2 (6%) | 3 (9%) | |
| Asian | 1 (5%) | 1 (5%) | -- | -- | |
| Other | 11 (11%) | 4 (13%) | 3 (10%) | 4 (12%) | |
| Missing | 2 (2%) | -- | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | |
| Education | |||||
| High school diploma | 8 (8%) | 3 (10%) | 2 (6%) | 3 (9%) | |
| Technical | 3 (3%) | 3 (10%) | -- | -- | |
| Some college | 23 (25%) | 7 (23%) | 7 (23%) | 9 (28%) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 26 (28%) | 10 (32%) | 9 (29%) | 7 (22%) | |
| Master’s degree | 28 (30%) | 6 (19%) | 10 (32%) | 12 (38%) | |
| Terminal degree (e.g.MD, PhD) | 4 (4%) | 2 (6%) | 2 (6%) | -- | |
| Missing | 2 (2%) | -- | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | |
| Employment Status | |||||
| Employed full time | 46 (49%) | 14 (45%) | 15 (48%) | 17 (53%) | |
| Employed part time | 8 (8%) | 1 (3%) | 5 (16%) | 2 (6%) | |
| Not working but seeking | 2 (2%) | 2 (6%) | -- | -- | |
| Not working not seeking | 1 (1%) | -- | -- | 1 (3%) | |
| Retired | 22 (23%) | 8 (26%) | 8 (26%) | 6 (19%) | |
| Homemaker | 13 (13%) | 6 (19%) | 3 (10%) | 4 (13%) | |
| Volunteer | 1 (1%) | -- | -- | 1 (3%) | |
| Missing | 1 (1%) | -- | -- | 1 (3%) | |
Total % may not add up to 100% due to rounding. YE = Yoga-based exercise group; CE = Comprehensive exercise group; C = Comparison group.