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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 3.
Published in final edited form as: Oral Health Dent Manag. 2014 Jun;13(2):512–518.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics.

Smokers Chewers
(N = 1555) (N = 351)
Age (years) 45.2 (13.2) 35.6 (20.9)
Male 50.0 50.1
U.S. Ethnicity
 Asian 21.2 --
 Hawaiian 30.9 --
 White 34.2 --
 African American 6.8 --
 Other 7.0 --
Guam Ethnicity
 Chamorro -- 34.5
 Chuukese -- 27.9
 Palauan -- 21.7
 Yapese -- 6.6
 Other -- 9.3
High school diploma 89.9 59.3
Number of years used 26.6 (13.4) 15.3 (12.8)
Use everyday 97.2 75.3
Number of use per day 18.3 (11.2) 11.9 (13.7)
Lifetime quit attempts 11.5 (48.2) 5.2 (15.6)
Dependence scale 0.50 (0.24) 0.51 (0.32)

Notes. Values are frequencies or means (standard deviations).