TABLE 2.
Pain and Kinematic Variables across Movement Conditions
| Condition | Comparison | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||||||
| Usual (n=20) |
Exaggerated (n=20) |
Corrected (n=20) |
Usual-Exaggerated | Usual-Corrected | ||||||
|
|
||||||||||
| Angle at Peak Knee Flexion |
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Difference (SD) |
Confidence Interval*† |
P† | Difference (SD) |
Confidence Interval*† |
P† | |
| Hip Angle (°) | Frontal | 14.3 (5.9) | 14.8 (5.7) | 10.8 (6.7) | −0.5 (4.7) | −3.2, 2.2 | 1.0 | 3.5 (3.7) | 1.3-5.6 | .001 |
| Transverse | 1.1 (5.8) | 6.9 (5.7) | −0.3 (5.7) | −5.8 (3.2) | −7.7, -3.9 | <.001 | 1.4 (3.3) | −0.5, 3.4 | .21 | |
| Knee Angle (°) | Frontal | 0.3 (6.9) | −1.9 (8.0) | 0.1 (6.2) | 2.2 (4.2) | −0.2, 4.6 | .09 | 0.2 (1.9) | −0.9, 1.3 | 1.0 |
| Transverse | 2.7 (5.7) | −2.9 (5.3) | 4.2 (5.5) | 5.6 (4.9) | 2.7, 8.4 | <.001 | −1.5 (2.8) | −3.1, 0.05 | .06 | |
| Sagittal | 70.0 (7.5) | 70.3 (8.3) | 66.9 (8.5) | −0.3 (6.4) | −4.0, 3.4 | 1.0 | 3.1 (7.4) | −1.4, 7.4 | .26 | |
| Squat Cycle Time (sec) | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.7 (0.8) | 4.0 (0.9) | 0.005 (0.6) | −0.3, 0.3 | 1.0 | −0.3 (0.8) | −0.7, 0.2 | .56 | |
| Pain VAS (mm) | 28.3 (18.2) | 36.8 (19.5) | 27.1 (20.3) | −8.5 (10.8) | −14.8, −2.1 | .007 | 1.2 (14.8) | −7.5, 9.9 | 1.0 | |
Positive angle values are flexion, adduction, and medial rotation
*
95% confidence interval for the difference between conditions
†
Repeated measures, 1-way ANOVA, post-hoc pair-wise comparisons, 2 tailed, Bonferroni corrected (α=0.05)
Abbreviation: VAS, visual analog scale (0-100 mm)