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. 2015 Mar 23;5(1):118–130. doi: 10.3390/bios5010118

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Approximately 500 barium-titanate (38 μm diameter) microspheres within a 10 μL PBS droplet on a hydrophobic Teflon AF coated glass surface. (B) Schematic of whispering gallery mode (WGM) droplet assay. Light from a tunable diode laser is directed into a Dove prism for evanescent wave coupling into 38 μm barium-titanate microspheres. Evanescently scattered light from the resonators is imaged from below (4× objective, 0.10 NA) and detected on an avalanche photodiode (APD). (C) For active mixing experiments, a 125 μm diameter glass rod is rotated at ~5000 rpm in the 10 μL PBS droplet.