Table 3. Specific inhibitors used in efflux transporter inhibition studies.
Efflux transporter | Inhibitor | Concentration range (μM) | Solvent (maximum concentration) |
MDR1 | Cyclosporine A | 0.01–20 | DMSO (0.1%) |
MRP2 | Probenecid | 0.5–1000 | NaOH (0.01%) |
BCRP | Sodium taurocholate | 1–1500 | Sterile dH2O |
BSEP | Ko 143 | 0.01–20 | DMSO (0.4%) |