Table 2. Considerations for incision choice in aortic valve surgery.

Incision	Common indication	Selective indication
Mini-thoracotomy	Isolated aortic valve surgery	Root enlargement
Upper hemisternotomy	Isolated aortic valve surgery	Root replacement
	Root enlargement	Mitral valve surgery
	Ascending aortic repair	Tricuspid valve surgery
	Hemi-arch replacement	Pulmonary vein isolation
	Atrial appendage clip	Right coronary bypass
Sternotomy	Valve sparing root operation	Severe aortic calcification
	Total arch replacement	Mitral annular calcification
	Coronary artery bypass
	Reoperation
	Endocarditis