|
Retention [48, 50, 51] |
|
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| Missed Visits |
Number of “no shows” within an observation period |
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| Appointment Adherence |
Proportion of completed visits (numerator) out of all scheduled visits (denominator) within an observation period |
|
| Visit Constancy |
Proportion of time intervals (usually 3-6 months) with ≥ 1 completed visit within an observation period. |
|
| Gaps in Care |
Time interval (usually months) between completed visits |
|
| Hybrid Measures (Visit Constancy and Gaps in Care) |
|
| Institute of Medicine (IOM) Core Indicator |
Proportion of patients with ≥ 2 visits separated by ≥ 90 days within a 12-month interval |
| U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Core Indicator |
Proportion of patients with ≥ 1 visit within each 6-month time period over 24 months, with ≥ 60 days between the first visit in one 6-month time period and the last visit in the subsequent 6-month time period |
|
| Adherence |
|
|
| Patient Self-Report |
Personal estimates of adherence over 1 month using validated questionnaires such as the Visual Analog Scale or the Swiss HIV Cohort Study Adherence Questionnaire |
|
| Pharmacy Refill data |
Dates on which medications were dispensed. Refills that aren't obtained in a timely fashion suggest missed doses, which allow the refill to last longer than it should. |
|
| Pill Counting |
Number of remaining doses of medications, representing the number of missed doses |
|
| Directly Administered ART (DAART) |
Direct observation of patient taking the medication dose |
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| Electronic Drug Monitor (EDM) |
Pill bottles with a computer chip embedded in the cap that records the time and duration of each opening |
|
| Biological Samples |
Plasma concentrations of medications |
