Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to groups
| Control (n = 127) | NAFLD (n = 86) | P -value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years old, median (range) | 58 (36–80) | 58 (38–75) | 0.197 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 110 (86.6%) | 74 (86.0%) | 0.906 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 61 (48.0%) | 57 (66.3%) | 0.009 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.298 | ||
| Current or ex-smoker | 82 (64.6%) | 61 (70.9%) | |
| Unknown | 11 (8.7%) | 3 (3.5%) | |
| Exercise, n (%) | 0.402 | ||
| Regular exercise | 21 (16.5%) | 20 (23.3%) | |
| Unknown | 35 (27.6%) | 19 (22.1%) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, median (range) | 24.1 (18.5-29.6) | 26.2 (19.2-36.5) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm, median (range) | 87.5 (69.5-107) | 92 (72.5-115) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 45 (36.6%) | 59 (68.6%) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, %, median (range) | 6.60 (5.8-10.2) | 6.8 (5.7-10.6) | 0.166 |
| HbA1c ≥ 7%, n (%) | 45 (35.4%) | 37 (43.0%) | 0.264 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL, median (range) | 130 (84–252) | 138 (84–307) | 0.013 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL, median (range) | 117.5 (58–268) | 125.5 (51–220) | 0.453 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL, median (range) | 50 (29–89) | 48 (32–67) | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL, median (range) | 92 (30–529) | 135.5 (41–450) | <0.001 |
| ALT, IU/L, median (range) | 22 (8–64) | 33 (11–161) | <0.001 |
| AST, IU/L, median (range) | 24 (11–112) | 26.5 (13–202) | 0.062 |
| GGT, IU/L, median (range) | 28.0 (8–266) | 38.0 (12–243) | 0.016 |
| Uric acid, median (range) | 5.7 (3–9.6) | 5.8 (3.1-8.7) | 0.253 |
| CACS, median (range) | 11.3 (0–2443.7) | 44.2 (0–1891.7) | 0.577 |
Abbreviations: NAFLD Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.