Table 1.
Results of selected meta-analyses of environmental risk factors and childhood ALL.
| Exposure | Time period | N studies | Findings | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal alcohol use | Pregnancy | 10 | No association of any alcohol use during pregnancy with ALL [mOR* = 1.10 (0.93-1.29) | (11) |
| Maternal coffee use | Pregnancy | 5 | Small association of any coffee consumption during pregnancy with ALL [mOR = 1.16 (1.00-1.34)] | (8) |
| Daycare attendance | Postnatal | 14 | Small reduced risk of ALL associated with daycare attendance [mOR = 0.76 (0.67-0.87)] | (13) |
| Electromagnetic field exposure | Postnatal | 9 | No association of electromagnetic field exposure >=0.2 μT with ALL [mOR = 1.25 (0.97-1.60)] | (15) |
| Occupational pesticide exposure | Pregnancy | 5 | Strong association of maternal occupational exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and ALL [mOR = 2.64 (1.40-5.00)] | (14) |
| Maternal prenatal vitamins | Pregnancy | 3 | Small reduced risk of ALL associated with maternal prenatal vitamin consumption [mOR = 0.61 (0.50-0.74)] | (9) |
| Paternal smoking | Preconception | 10 | Small association of any paternal preconceptional smoking with ALL [mOR = 1.15 (1.06-1.24)] | (12) |
| Maternal smoking | Pregnancy | 20 | No association of any maternal smoking during pregnancy with ALL [mOR = 1.03 (0.95-1.12)] | (10) |
*
mOR = meta-analytic odds ratio